Endosseous dental implants are the treatment of choice for restoring function and reconstructing most edentulousareas of the maxilla and mandible. One of the most common problems in oral implantology is insufficient bone heightbetween the alveolar ridge and the mandible canal, as a result of mandibular atrophy from edentulism. Generally,alveolar bone defects can be reconstructed by either distraction osteogenesis (DO)or autogenous bone grafting(ABG). This paper discussed implant successful rate in DO versus ABG. DO shows a higher successful rate of implantthan ABG with the result more esthetic, lower rate of infection and bone resorption, no pain at donor area, andrelatively uncomplicated.

The use of endosseous implants is directly related to the topography and quality of the patient’s residual bone. Severaltechniques have been tried to expand its application through implant design alterations and surgical techniques for boneaugmentation. This article reviews the sandwich osteotomy combined with an interpositional autograft for vertical andtransversal augmentation in the atrophic mandible prior to endosseous implant placement. In conclusion, segmentalmandibular sandwich osteotomy can be recommended to fulfill the dimensional requirements of preimplant boneaugmentation in atrophic posterior mandible.