Citrus‐Carotenoids. Synthesis of (3R)‐β‐Citraurin, (3R)‐β‐Citraurol and (3R)‐β‐Citraurinene; Determination of the Configuration of Citrus‐Carotenoids
(3R)‐β‐Citraurin, (3R)‐β‐citraurol and (3R)‐β‐citraurinene were prepared starting from (3R)‐3‐acetoxy‐ β‐ionone. Comparison of the chiroptical data of β‐citraurin from orange peels with those of the synthetic compound confirmed the 3R‐configuration of the natural pigment.
Synthesis of Apocarotenoides with a Shifted Methyl Group; Structure Elucidation of Citrus‐Carotenoides
With regard to the investigation of the biosynthesis of the C30‐carotenoids in citrus fruits apocarotenoids with a methyl group shifted by one position (diapocarotenoids) were synthesized. Characteristical differences, especially in the 270‐MHz‐1H‐NMR. spectra between the apo‐ and the diapocarotenoids are reported. The comparison of the natural pigments with the synthetic compounds proves that the natural products belong to the apocarotenoids as has been postulated earlier.
Aus (3R)‐3‐Acetoxy‐β‐ionon wird durch alkalische Hydrolyse das Hydroxy‐Derivat (I) (90% Ausb.) dargestellt und mit dem Grignard‐Reagenz (II) zu dem Alkohol (III) umgesetzt, der in das Phosphoniumsalz (IV) übergeführt wird.
Um eindeutige Strukturbeweise sowie biogenetische Hinweise für die Cw‐Apocarotinoide der Citrusfrüchte zu erhalten, werden verschiedene Carotinoide mit "versetzter" Methylgruppe (Diapocarotinoide) synthetisiert und deren Eigenschaften sowohl mit den synthetischen Isomeren ohne "versetzte" Methylgruppe (Apocarotinoide) als auch mit natürlichen Pigmenten aus Orangen.schalen verglichen.
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