Objective: The purpose of this clinical study was to determine if skin tone and tooth color had the same influence on smile attractiveness. Materials and Methods:A woman's smile photograph was digitally manipulated to create a range of images with varying colors. The skin shade was modified to create four tones (p1: light, p2: light medium, p3: medium dark, p4: dark) using the L'Oreal True Illusion shade as a guide. The tooth shade was modified in four different tones: A1, A2, A3, A4 using the VITAPAN Classical shade guide to produce 16 images. A sample of 328 participants rated each image for attractiveness by means of a visual analog scale (VAS). Comparison among groups was performed with a 2-way ANOVA adjusted for multiple comparisons with the Bonferroni test (α = .05).Results: Image (p3-a1) showed the highest VAS values, while image (p1-a4) obtained the lowest, (Bonferroni Test: a1 vs a2, a3, a4 P < .001; p3 vs p1, p2, p4 P < .001).Analysis performed for age, sex, level of education, and laypeople/dentists were not statistically significant (P > .05). Conclusions:Variations in tooth and skin tone can significantly influence the perception of smile attractiveness. In the tested conditions, a brighter tooth shade significantly affected the attractiveness of the smile independently from skin tone.Clinical Significance: Understanding patient and dentist perception of the attractiveness of a smile with the important role-played by skin tone, may help clinicians to better identify teeth shade, helping delivery of tailored prostheses and esthetic restorations. K E Y W O R D S chroma, esthetics, skin tone, smile attractiveness, tooth color, value

SUMMARYObjectives. The aim of the study was to assess the depth and quality of the post-space reading, using an IOS without scanpost, compared to a traditional silicon technique. Methods. Six extracted bicuspids were decoronated and endodontically treated. After having prepared the space for the posts, a structure in pink acrylic resin was created with two resin elements. At the center of the structure one sample was put at a time. Digital and traditional impressions were taken for each sample. Digital impressions were developed through the Computer-aided design (CAD) software in order to integrate the scanner results into a three-dimensional grid to make the measurements. A K-file was used to measure the length of the postspace of each sample obtained through the traditional silicon impression and subsequently the measurement results were reported on a millimeter gauge. Furthermore, an assessment of the width of the entrances of the post-spaces was carried out. Results. The mean reading depth discrepancy expressed in percentages (19.58%) indicates that the digital impression with current technologies fails to impress clearly the post-space. Standard deviation of the data expressed in percentage is 13.89, suggesting that the values were not similar to each other. In two cases the digital technique has achieved less than 10% difference compared to the traditional technique, but there have been also cases in which the variation in depth has reached almost 40%. The samples that showed the minor discrepancy between the two techniques expressed the widest post-space entrance. Conclusions. In this in vitro study, the application of the IOS for the post-space reading in order to deliver an anatomic post has been proven to be still not reliable, as there are still depth reading limitations for the narrow root channels. In fact, in this type of channels it is difficult to reach with the light beam of the IOS the deepest areas of the post-space, with a consequent incomplete post-space reading.

BackgroundCurrently, there are no suitable assays available to evaluate the embryotoxicity of leached components from restorative dental materials.MethodsThe effect of the medium conditioned by composites and amalgam on mouse blastocysts in vitro was tested. The materials were also subcutaneously implanted, and the effect of the medium supplemented with serum from the host blood was evaluated in the embryotoxicity assay. The embryo implantation rate in the material-transplanted mothers was also evaluated.ResultsThe results show that while the culture in media conditioned by amalgams did not affect blastocyst development, the medium conditioned by composites caused blastocyst degeneration and apoptosis. The development of blastocysts in a medium containing serum obtained from animals after transplantation was, however, without effect. Finally, inconsistent reduction in the implantation rate in transplanted mothers was observed.ConclusionsIn this study, we provide examples of in vitro and in vivo tests that may be used to evaluate embryotoxicity for dental materials. Our results show that leached components from our composite-material induced embryotoxicity in vitro, however, no toxicity was observed when subcutaneously implanted in vivo. This highlights the necessity of integrated in vitro and in vivo tests for valuable predictive estimation of embryotoxicity for complex materials.

Single Tooth Anesthesia could be an efficacious alternative to conventional procedures.

Video abstractPoint your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/W9qD2b7Eg4oBackground: After endodontic treatment, a proper restorative technique is necessary to ensure coronal seal and protection of residual dental structure; teeth which have lost two or more walls need to be restored with posts to increase retention and stability of final restoration. Posts can be distinguished in prefabricated and customized, which are manufactured by lost wax technique or CAD-CAM.Purpose: Digital dentistry has been developed to increase workflow precision and to accelerate production process; use of CAD-CAM to realize customized posts was limited to scanning plaster models obtained from traditional impressions. Patients and Methods: In the reported case an intraoral scan was used to mill a post and core restoration on an endodontically treated inferior premolar; this operative protocol was based on previous in vitro experiments that confirmed the ability of 3shape Trios scanner to read post-space up to 9 mm in depth.Results: The digital technique allows us to convert the concave surface of the root canal into the convex surface of the post, and realize an anatomical post and core that improves the biomechanics of the endodontically treated tooth reducing the possibility of root fractures. Conclusion: The use of an intraoral digital scanner represents an opportunity for the clinician as it speeds up the production of an anatomical post and core restorations.