Electron microscopic methods (scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) are used to characterize the precision and quality of microthrough-holes produced in 0.4 mm-thick silicon wafers by applying the pulsed laser helical drilling technique. The primary aim of the present work is to investigate how the mechanisms of material removal and redeposition change when the pulse width is systematically varied from nanosecond (ns) to femtosecond (fs) range (8 ns to 160 fs). Under the chosen processing conditions (Ti:sapphire laser, pulse energy: 0.3 mJ, beam spot diameter: 40 mu m, resulting fluence: 24 J/cm(exp 2), processing time: 120 s) optimal drilling results, i.e., smooth holes being free of recast and free of thermally and mechanically driven structural damage, are achievable by using laser pulses with a width of 10 ps. On the contrary, drilling with ns pulses is associated with thick melt redepositions, high thermal load, and formation of microcracks, while processing with fs pulses suffers from detrimental mechanical effects causing defect generation, material degradation, and microroughness of the hole wall
Dedicated to Professor V. I. STARTSEV in honour of his 70th birthday High purity niolybdenum single crystals were deformed in tension and compression along the symmetric double slip orientation [110] in the temperature range from 300 K down to 0.5 K with strain rates between 10-3 and 10-5 s-l. The activation volume was measured by stress relaxation tests. The dislocation structure of the deformed crystals (T 2 1.85 K) was examined by high voltage electron inicroscopy. It was established that the low teriiperature increase of the critical shear stress exhibits three distinct temperature regimes with different temperature dependences. These non-uniformities are discussed in terms of recently developed theories of kink-pair formation and kink-kink interactions on screw dislocations in bcc metals. The HVEM observations suggest that the nlobility of screw dislocations a t very low temperatures should be determined by the combined effects of the PEIERLS barriers and the jog dragging.Molybdiineinkristalle hoher Reinhrit und tier Orientierung [l lo] wurtlen in1 Zug-und Drwkversiich im Temperaturbereich von 300 K bis 0 , 5 K iiiit Verforrnungsgeschwindigkeiten zwischen 10-3 s-l und 10-5 8 -l verfornit. Das Aktivierungsvolurnen wurde mittcls Spannuiigsrelaxation gernessen. Die Versetzungsstruktur der verformten Kristalle (fur T 2 1,85 K ) wurtle rnit Hilfe der Hochstspannungselektronenniikroskopie untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, dalJ der Tiefteinperaturanstieg der kritischcn Schubspannung drei cleiitlichr Temperaturbereiche mit unterschiedlichen Teiiiperaturabhiingigkeiten aufwrist. Dies wird auf tier Grundlage neuer Theorieii iiber die Bildung von Kinkpaaren untl die Kink-Kink Wechselwirkung auf Schraubenvessetzungeii in krz Metallen tliskutiert. Die elrktrorienrnikroskopischen Beohachtungen legen nahr, daB die Bewrglirhkeit der Schraubcnversetziingen bei schr tiefen Ternperaturen durch den gerneinsanien EinfliiB des hohen PEIERtsreliefs uiid der starken Breinswirkung von Jogs bestimmt wirtl.'24 *
Electron zone-refined tungsten and molybdenum single crystals are deformed in tension a t room temperature. The slip systems on the cylinder-shaped tensile specimens are determined using the light as well as the electron microscope. The slip line pattern depends sensitively on the orientation of the stress axis. Single slip on the crystals investigated is not observed. The slip occurs preferentially on planes of type { 110}, but usually further slip planes of the <111> zone are also active. The slip band structure is discussed in terms of elementary slip processes.Elektronenzonengeschmolzene Wolfram-und Molybdln-Einkristalle wurden bei Raumtemperatur im Zugversuch verformt. Mittels licht-und elektronenmikroskopischer Methoden wurden die Gleitsysteme an den zylinderformigen Zugproben bestimmt. Das Gleitlinienbild war stark abhiingig von der Achsenorientierung. An den untersuchten Kristallen konnte keine Einfachgleitung beobachtet werden. Die Abgleitung erfolgte auf Ebenen vom Typ { 1103, aber meistens waren auch noch andere Gleitebenen der (111)-Zone wirksam. Die Gleitlinienstruktur wird in Verbindung mit elementaren Gleitprozessen diskutiert.
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