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This paper presents the development of a road lane detection algorithm using image processing techniques. This algorithm is developed based on dynamic videos, which are recorded using on-board cameras installed in vehicles for Malaysian highway conditions. The recorded videos are dynamic scenes of the background and the foreground, in which the detection of the objects, presence on the road area such as vehicles and road signs are more challenging caused by interference from background elements such as buildings, trees, road dividers and other related elements or objects. Thus, this algorithm aims to detect the road lanes for three significant parameter operations; vanishing point detection, road width measurements, and Region of Interest (ROI) of the road area, for detection purposes. The techniques used in the algorithm are image enhancement and edges extraction by Sobel filter, and the main technique for lane detection is a Hough Transform. The performance of the algorithm is tested and validated by using three videos of highway scenes in Malaysia with normal weather conditions, raining and a night-time scene, and an additional scene of a sunny rural road area. The video frame rate is 30fps with dimensions of 720p (1280x720) HD pixels. In the final achievement analysis, the test result shows a true positive rate, a TP lane detection  average rate of 0.925 and the capability to be used in the final application implementation.

Low power is one of the most indispensable criteria in several of application. In this paper a low power operational amplifier consists of two stages and operates at 1.8V power. It is designed to meet a set of provided specification such as high gain and low power consumption. Designers are able to work at low input bias current and also at low voltage due to the unique behavior of the MOS transistors in sub-threshold region. This two-stage op-amp is designed using the Silterra 130nm technology library. The layout has been draw and its area had been calculated. The proposed two stage op-amp consists of NMOS current mirror as bias circuit, differential amplifier as the first stage and common source amplifier as the second stage. The first stage of an op-amp contributed high gain while the second stage contributes a moderate gain. The results show that the circuit is able to work at 1.8V power supply voltage (VDD) and provides gain of 69.73dB and 28.406MHz of gain bandwidth product for a load of 2pF capacitor. Therefore, the power dissipation and the consistency of this operational amplifier are better than previously reported operational amplifier.