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Subterranean termites Psammotermes hypostoma (Desneux) has become a major pest in Egypt. To investigate new effective and inexpensive ways of control this pest, we assessed nanoparticles synthesized by a green approach using corresponding salt (sliver nitrate) with aqueous extract of garlic, chili, turmeric, and black pepper were commercially purchased. UV-visible wavelength scanning and nanoparticle tracking analyses were used to determine the quantity and quality of nanoparticles. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous plant extracts and their green synthesized silver nanoparticles compared with mineral oil, Beauveria bassiana, and chlorpyrifos on P. hypostoma. The result showed that chlorpyrifos was the most toxic compound, whereas black peper aqueous extract was the least toxic one, however, B. bassiana, K. Z. oil, Garlic aqueous extract, Chili pepper AgNPs, turmeric aqueous extract, Turmeric AgNPs, Garlic AgNPs, Black peper AgNPs, and Chili pepper aqueous extract lie in between. Conclusively, based on those results all selected compounds and extracts caused significant mortality for workers of P. hypostoma as compared to control and can be used as a cheap and effective alternative in future IPM programs against P. hypostoma.

Pulvinaria tenuivalvata (Newstead) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) red soft scale insect is one of the most prevalent insect pests that attacks sugarcane plants. Insecticidal efficiency of six selected insecticides (Malatox, Sulfar, Admiral, Nomolt, Tafaban and Biover) was evaluated for their impact against nymphs and adult females of P. tenuivalvata on sugarcane leaves using leave dipping methods. This investigation was carried out for two successive seasons (July 2021-2022) at the laboratory of the Plant Protection Research Department at the El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station, Luxor Governorate, Egypt. Obtained results showed that the tested insecticides varied in efficacy on the different stages of pest (nymphs and adult females). Moreover, the nymphal stage of P.tenuivalvata was more susceptible to the tested pesticides compared to the adult stage. Admiral and nomolt were the most toxic against the nymphal and adult female stages of P. tenuivalvata on sugarcane leaves, sulfar, however, was the least successful in controlling this pest.

The black vine thrips, Retithrips syriacus Mayet (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) is considered as pest. Adults and nymphs of this pest causes a serious damage to grapevine leaves. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the toxicity of seven pesticides on nymphs and adults of GVT on Flame seedless and Superior commercial vineyard varieties under laboratory and field conditions during 2016/2017 season. Data clearly indicate that the order of efficiency of the tested compounds were the same at both LC50 and LC90 levels. The tested insecticides could be descendingly arranged as follows: Radient, Pleo, Movento, Nanoparticles Zinc oxide, Marshal, KZ oil and Garlic extract. The corresponding LC50 values were 0.1, 0.24, 0.9, 0.92, 1.33, 1.45 and 1.5 ppm, while the LC90 values were 0.87, 1.07, 5.48, 10.92, 8.67, 6.42 and 11.26 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, χ2 values were 5.77, 2.93, 3.95, 3.08, 6.54, 2.87 and 1.51 respectively. Radient had the steepest toxicity line and Garlic extract had the flattest, however Pleo, Movento, Nanoparticles Zinc oxide, Marshal and KZ oil lie in between. This reflects the superiority of Radient and inferiority of Garlic extract. Radient was the most toxic compound, whereas Garlic extract was the least toxic one. the initial reduction of KZ oil (71.83, 72.80, 71.50 and 70.95) in both varieties and all of them are above 70% reduction. From these results, it should be suggested using of some effective alternatives such as KZ oil for controlling black vine thrips in compatible program with chemical insecticides instead of conventional individuals' insecticides. Keywords: Insecticides; Retithrips syriacus; Thrips; Grapevine

Forty eight species belonging to forty three genera were identified. These genera were arranged into eighteen families. Scarabaeidae includes 9 species. Tenebrionidae includes 7 species, whereas Staphylinidae, Elateridae and Carabidae include 4 species. On other hand, the remaining thirteen families includes between 1-3 species. The total catches were over (40,000 individuals), which captured by one trap in the first year (2007-2008), and four traps in the second year (2008-2009) at two different levels.