Field studies were done on faba bean plants at the El-Mattana Agricultural Research Station in Luxor Governorate, Egypt, throughout two successive growing seasons (2019/20 and 2020/21) to investigate the seasonal activity of the cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Giza 843 cultivar). As well, estimate the effects of some climatic conditions and plant ages on the seasonal abundance of A. craccivora. In this study, two insect expressions were used, i.e., insect numbers and incidence of infestation, which articulated the population of this pest. Results indicated that A. craccivora infested faba bean plants from 21 st November 2019 to 12 th March 2020 during the first growing season and from 22 nd November 2020 to 13 th March 2021 through the second one. For the two growing seasons, the cumulative counts of A. craccivora were 321.48 and 340.66 individuals each season, respectively. Furthermore, the overall mean of A. craccivora population was 18.91 ± 0.92 and 20.04 ± 1.52 individuals per 10 plants, during the first and second growing seasons, respectively. As well, the general average of the percentages of abundance was 66.73 ± 1.60 and 58.43 ± 2.28 for the two seasons, respectively. Climatic conditions of weekly inspection dates were more favourable for A. craccivora to increase its population in November, January and February for the two seasons. Additionally, in two consecutive growing seasons, the number of A. craccivora disappeared during the faba bean maturation stage in end March. According to the findings, the combined impacts of environmental conditions and plant ages can explain changes in A. craccivora population density. The results revealed that the effects of weather conditions and plant ages on population density and infestation incidence percentages by A. craccivora were highly significant during the two seasons studied, and that these parameters varied from season to season. Also, the dew point and mean daily minimum temperature were the most effective variable for the changes in the insect population and the percentages of infestation incidences under the studied seasons. These information can aid in the development of an aphid IPM program for faba bean plants.

Red Palm Weevil is the most dangerous palm pest in Egypt and the Middle East. This study was conducted to evaluate some plants essential oils for use in the control of this pest in egg and larval stages. five individual different oils (orange oil, lemon oil , eucalyptus oil , castor oil, and basil oil)and three mixtures of (chilli+ thyme + lavender =)k1, mixture of (Colocynth and neem) = k2,and mixture of (Radicchio + turmeric +Silene) = k3 with 5 concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% for each one was used as aqueous solutions. Each concertation contains three replicates with ten eggs or larva for each replicate. The eggs were sprayed with different solutions while the larvae were fed on the sugar cane pieces after being dipped in the solutions for 20 seconds. The results of statistical analysis showed superiority the plant oils from orange and lemon showed remarkable mortality (p≤ 0.05) in the number of dead larvae and non-hatched eggs followed by eucalyptus, basil and Castor while other treatments recorded low number of mortalities of larvae and non-hatched eggs. The L.S. D values (2.49 ,6.19) for eggs and larvae respectively, showed that there were significant differences between oils and significant differences between concentrations. orange and lemon oil showed the strongest effect at 9% followed by the other concentrations, while k1 and k2 oil had no significant difference with the control at 1%. The study showed that orange and lemon oils as well as eucalyptus, basil and castor can be used in the control of this pest in the stage of the egg and larva.

The tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is considered a devastating pest, particularly to the tomato Lycopersicon esculentum. The present study was carried out to determine the efficacy of five pesticides namely, indoxacarb, (abamectin+ thiamethoxam), emamectin benzoate, fipronil and imidacloprid against the 3rd larval instar of T. absoluta under laboratory conditions using the Leaf-dip method. The tested pesticides could be descendingly arranged as follows: emamectin benzoate, fipronil, (abamectin + thiamethoxam), indoxacarb and imidacloprid. The corresponding LC50 values after 72 h. were 0.07, 0.22, 0.28, 0.59 and 2.67 ppm, while LC90 values were 0.56, 3.25, 1.99, 4.69 and 30.29 ppm, respectively. It is clear that emamectin benzoate was the most toxic compound, whereas imidacloprid was the least toxic one. Results indicated that emamectin benzoate can be used as a good element in integrated management program to this pest.

Subterranean termites Psammotermes hypostoma (Desneux) has become a major pest in Egypt. To investigate new effective and inexpensive ways of control this pest, we assessed nanoparticles synthesized by a green approach using corresponding salt (sliver nitrate) with aqueous extract of garlic, chili, turmeric, and black pepper were commercially purchased. UV-visible wavelength scanning and nanoparticle tracking analyses were used to determine the quantity and quality of nanoparticles. The experiments were carried out to evaluate the toxicity of aqueous plant extracts and their green synthesized silver nanoparticles compared with mineral oil, Beauveria bassiana, and chlorpyrifos on P. hypostoma. The result showed that chlorpyrifos was the most toxic compound, whereas black peper aqueous extract was the least toxic one, however, B. bassiana, K. Z. oil, Garlic aqueous extract, Chili pepper AgNPs, turmeric aqueous extract, Turmeric AgNPs, Garlic AgNPs, Black peper AgNPs, and Chili pepper aqueous extract lie in between. Conclusively, based on those results all selected compounds and extracts caused significant mortality for workers of P. hypostoma as compared to control and can be used as a cheap and effective alternative in future IPM programs against P. hypostoma.

On citrus leaves, a laboratory trial was conducted to test the effect of several compounds against the nymphs of the cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi, under laboratory conditions at