Работа основана на морфологическом исследовании ампул маточных труб 130 рожавших женщин молодого и старческого возраста. Применены макрометрический, гистологический, иммуногистохимический и микрометрический методы исследования. Выявлены закономерности возрастной морфологической изменчивости ампулы маточной трубы, проявляющиеся в уменьшении параметров их длины, а также наружных диаметров в середине ампулы и в местах перехода перешейка в ампулу и ампулы в воронку от молодого возраста к старческому возрасту. Гистоархитектоника ампул маточных труб у женщин в старческом возрасте характеризуется уплощением эпителия слизистой оболочки, образующей обилие близлежащих утолщенных складок, формирующих неравномерное сужение просвета ампулы. Определяется истончение мышечной оболочки с разрастанием вместо нее соединительной ткани и скоплением адипоцитов в подсерозной основе. В старческом возрасте отмечается более выраженная экспрессия виментина, прослеживающаяся не только в эндотелии и субэндотелиальном слое кровеносных сосудов, включая капилляры, но и в отдельных фибробластах. Установлено, что особенности микрометрических характеристик ампул маточных труб заключаются в уменьшении внутреннего периметра эпителиальной выстилки и площади просвета, наряду с увеличением площади их стенки при срединном сечении, в старческом возрасте в сравнении с молодым. The work is based on a morphological study of ampoules of the fallopian tubes of 130 young and senile women who gave birth. Macrometric, histological, immunohistochemical and micrometric methods of investigation were applied. The regularities of age-related morphological variability of the fallopian tube ampoule are revealed, which are manifested in a decrease in the parameters of their length, as well as external diameters in the middle of the ampoule and at the places of transition of the isthmus into the ampoule and ampoule into the funnel from young age to old age. Histoarchitectonics of ampoules of the fallopian tubes in women in old age is characterized by flattening of the epithelium of the mucous membrane, which forms an abundance of nearby thickened folds that form an uneven narrowing of the lumen of the ampoule. The thinning of the muscle membrane is determined with the growth of connective tissue instead of it and the accumulation of adipocytes in the subserose base. In old age, there is a more pronounced expression of vimentin, which can be traced not only in the endothelium and subendothelial layer of blood vessels, including capillaries, but also in individual fibroblasts. It was found that the features of the micrometric characteristics of the fallopian tube ampoules consist in a decrease in the inner perimeter of the epithelial lining and the lumen area, along with an increase in the area of their wall at the median cross-section in old age compared with young age.

The study of the age-related anatomical variability, its exact morphological characteristics in adulthood, established using modern research methods, are needed, which can serve as a criterion for a conditional norm. The aim of the study is to determine the macro- and micro-morphometric parameters of the ampulla of the fallopian tubes of women in the first period of adulthood using prosection material and their morphological characteristics. The ampulla of both fallopian tubes of 44 nulliparous and 58 giving birth women of the first period of adulthood (from 21 to 35 years) were examined. Organometric, histological, immunohistochemical and macro- and micro-morphometric research methods were used. It determined the length of the ampoules, their outer diameter at the junction of the isthmus in the ampoule, in the central part of the ampoule and at the junction of the ampoule in the funnel. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picro fuchsin according to van Gieson. In the immunohistochemical study of the samples, antibodies against vimentin and the CD68 marker were used. The area of ​​the lumen of the ampulla of the fallopian tube and the area of ​​its wall was calculated, and the circumference of the epithelial lining was measured. As a result, it was found that the outer diameter of the fallopian tubes at the junction of the isthmus into the ampulla and the ampoule into the funnel, as well as in the central part of the ampoule, is characterized by the absence of a statistically significant difference in parameters in nulliparous and giving birth women. The histological picture of the ampulla of the fallopian tubes both in nulliparous and in women giving birth in the first period of adulthood is of the same type and is represented by a mucous membrane that forms many thin papillary folds, internal circular and external longitudinal layers of smooth muscle tissue of the muscular membrane and the serous membrane. The detection in the tissues of the ampulla of the fallopian tubes in nulliparous and giving birth women in a moderate amount of CD68-immunopositive macrophages, the concentration of which increases in the epithelium and near it, as well as the expression of vimentin in the vessel walls and individual fibroblasts, indicates the presence of physiological tissue regeneration processes. Analysis of the indicators of the areas of the lumen of the ampoule and its wall at the median section, as well as the circumference of the epithelial lining, allows us to conclude that these parameters predominate in the right fallopian tube.

Aim. Humanistic education of students through involvement in blood donation.Material and methods. A survey of 4020 participants of the Donor Day was conducted at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University with subsequent analysis and statistical processing of the data obtained.Results. The development of donation within the educational extracurricular activities has made it possible to increase the number of donors in the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University to 2000 people. According to the survey, 88,6% of respondents put forward the motivation to help those in need in the first place, while 44,2% consider donation to be beneficial for health, and 24,4% consider donation to be their civic duty. In addition, 9,2% donate blood due to the fact that friends or relatives benefited from blood transfusions. Departure of a team of specialists from blood service institutions to the university was recognized as the best format. There were following reasons for refusing to participate in the donorship: 17,5% do not know where and how to become a donor, 16,0% are sure that health will worsen during donation, 14,4% do not find free time, 11,4% are not satisfied the location of blood service institutions, and 13,7% avoid problems with the employer or the university. Since 2020, our own register of bone marrow donors has been created, which is part of the Federal Register of Bone Marrow Donors. More than 1000 students entered the Register, while 9 donated bone marrow for patients.Conclusion. Educational work with medical students should include the popularization of donation, as the formation of a moral and ethical standard and civic duty. It is necessary to inform students about donation, create comfortable conditions and route donors.

The aim of the study is to determine the dynamics of morphological changes in the ampullae of the fallopian tubes at different age periods of life using autopsy material from women giving birth. Materials and research methods. The analysis of the results of a complex morphological study of the ampullae of the fallopian tubes of 150 corpses of giving birth women of adolescence, the first and second periods of adulthood, elderly and old age was carried out. Results. The histological picture revealed regular atrophic changes in all layers of the wall of the ampulla of the fallopian tube. When comparing the mean values in five age groups according to the Kruskell-Wallis test, statistically significant differences in the length of the epithelial lining in the transverse section of the ampulla of the right and left fallopian tubes (p < 0,001), as well as the wall thickness of the ampulla of the right and left fallopian tubes (p < 0,001) have been identified. Conclusion. The results of the study supplement the literature data on morphological changes in the fallopian tube and can be used as a standard reference.

The aim of the study is to determine the size and to identify the features of histoarchitectonics of the uterine tube ampulla of an old-aged female. Materials and methods. The ampulla of both uterine tubes was examined in 26 nulliparous and 78 giving birth elderly women using morphometric, histological, immunohistochemical, and micrometric research methods. Results. The length and outer diameter of uterine tubes at the points of transition of isthmus into the ampulla and ampulla into the infundibulum as well as in the central part of ampulla are characterized by the absence of a statistically significant difference in parameters in nulliparous and giving birth women. The histoarchitectonic features of the ampullae of the uterine tubes in nulliparous and giving birth women in old age consist in the flattening of the epithelium of the mucous membrane, which forms many closely spaced thickened folds that create an uneven narrowing of the ampulla lumen, and the proliferation of connective tissue between the bundles of muscle fibers of the muscular membrane. The presence of Ki-67 expression in single cells of less than 1%, as well as a thin layer of epithelial membrane antigen in the epithelium of the ampulla along with the complete absence of its expression in the stroma reflect normal tissue regeneration and act as an equivalent to the anatomical norm in elderly females. When comparing lumen areas of ampulla and its wall at mid-section as well as the circumference of epithelial lining, a predominance of parameters in the right uterine tube was revealed (p<0.01). Conclusion. The study showed the similar qualitative and quantitative morphological characteristics of the uterine tube ampullae both in nulliparous and giving birth females in old age.