E-learning has numerous potentials to spur education development in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. It impacts positively on the educational process, unlike the physical chalkboard in the classrooms. The outbreak and fast spread of the COVID-19 led to the closed down of schools. Efforts to revamp education due to prolong lockdown made the government enforce e-learning in tertiary institutions across the country. It is however worthy to know that these directives did not make much change as a result of poor infrastructure and networking. Hence, this study investigated compliance with e-learning during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown by the instructors in the private tertiary institutions in Nigeria visa -vis their socioeconomic factors and limitations encountered. A systematic sampling technique was adopted to select 180 respondents from the staff list. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on socioeconomic variables (SEV), compliance (ϒ) to e-learning, and limitations (Ls) while multiple linear regression model (R) was used to test the interaction between the compliance and limitations. Results show that age (β ¼ 0.351), educational attainment (β ¼ 0.843) and teaching experience (β ¼ 0.169) influence e-learning compliance at p < 0.05. It was also found that 67.3% compliance with e-learning took place in the Universities compared to 59.1% in the Polytechnics and 52.8% in the Colleges of Education. Regression shows that constraints affected the level of compliance (R 2 ¼ 0.73). The study concludes that constraints are major obstacles to the compliance and prospects of e-learning in the Private Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria.

In Nigeria, vegetable production is adversely affected by climate change, pest and diseases attack and unfavourably environmental condition which have made resourceful farmers and government to embark on vegetable production under greenhouse technology. Hence, this study was conducted to assess socio-economic importance of greenhouse technology for sustainable vegetable production in Ogun State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty (120) vegetable farmers were purposively selected for this study while descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used for the data analysis. The results showed that the respondents were 32 – 40 years of age; predominantly male (90.8%), and had formal education (28.3%). Socio-economic importance of greenhouse technology includes increased yield (94.3%), available supplies all the year round (85.7%), cluster marketing formation (72.9%), higher income generation (75.7%), and rural development (91.4%). Paradoxically, greenhouse vegetable production has not been widely spread due to difficult to establish it by individuals and high cost of construction (98.3%); it is too expensive for the low peasant vegetable farmers (86.7%); and awareness of greenhouse vegetable is low in the public markets (85.8%). So also, chi-square results showed that significant relationship existed between the major limitations and socio-economic importance of greenhouse technology at p < 0.05 level of significance. This study recommends that cost of raw materials for constructing greenhouse should be subsidized by the Federal Government of Nigeria while wealthy individuals, farmers’ groups and cooperative societies should invest in greenhouse technology for large scale vegetable farming.Keywords: socio-economic, importance, vegetable, greenhouse, technology

The study examined factors affecting rice farming practices of rural farmers in Ogun and Niger States, Nigeria. Three hundred and twenty  respondents were selected through multistage sampling procedure. Frequency distribution, percentages and mean, student’s t-test and regression analysis were used for data. All analysis was done at 5% level of significance. There was a significant difference in the farm practices of the rice farmers in Niger and Ogun States (t = 8.39, p ≤0.05). Factor affecting rice farming practices was determinants of rice production output (β = -0.13, p ≤0.05). There was difference in the farming practices of rice farmers in Ogun and Niger States. Agricultural extension services, particularly, in Ogun State should expedite action in organizing training that can facilitate adoption of better farming practices in order to increase rice production and income generation for the rice farmers, while government and input suppliers should make fertilizers available and affordable. Keywords: factors affecting farming practices; rice production; rural rice farmers;

With the adverse effects of climate change becoming more prominent, more effective strategies for reducing the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels are required for mitigating further climate change. Increasing use of renewable energy by farmers motivated to practice agroforestry is one natural solution for reducing those climate change impacts. Unfortunately, climate change mitigation through agroforestry has been inhibited by a lack of scientific validation. In this paper, we ascertain factors that motivate African cocoa farmers to use agroforestry practices for enhancing food production as well as for mitigating climate change. We analyzed data collected from 120 farmers from the Oyo state of Nigeria through descriptive and regression analysis statistical tools. We found that access to information (β = 0.23, t = 2.18) and extension service (β = 0.23, t = 2.27) was associated with greater willingness of farmers to participate in agroforestry whereas negative attitudes (β = −0.29, t = −3.21) were associated with a lower involvement of cocoa farmers in agroforestry practices. We conclude that effective climate change mitigation programs need to do more to motivate farmers to adopt agroforestry practices by increasing their understanding of the benefits to be derived from carbon markets and by providing them with the necessary tools for employing these practices for climate change mitigation and more sustainable food production.

Maize is a common staple food for human consumption and livestock feeds. It provides employment and means of livelihood for women in both rural areas and urban centres in Nigeria. However, the entrepreneurial skills of women engaged in its value addition have not been fully enhanced. This study was conducted to look into rural women entrepreneurial skills in maize value addition in Abeokuta metropolis of Ogun State, Nigeria. Two hundred and ten respondents were selected using snow ball sampling technique. Data were analyzed with chi-square. Results revealed that fifty percent of the respondents were 31-40 years of age and 60% had spent 6-10 years in maize processing. Most (85.7%) of the respondents' added value to maize by converting it to popcorn, 80.0% turned it to corn cake and 52.9% processed it to kokoro. Majority (88.6%) of the respondents acquired entrepreneurial skills through fellow processors and 62.9% got it from friends and neighbours. Serious constraints identified by 95.7% and 88.6% of the respondents were scarcity of raw materials during off season and ineffective preservation methods respectively. Results of chi-square revealed that significant association existed between sources of entrepreneurial trainings for the rural women and value addition at p < 0.05. The study concluded that value addition of maize is very low in the study area. It is hereby recommended that extension service providers should pay more attention to the maize processors in terms of entrepreneurial trainings for better processing and value addition of maize.