Preservation of the main physical and chemical properties of vitrified high-level waste over a long-time period under the influence of heavy radiation exposure is considered as an essential criterion for its quality assessment used to demonstrate the safety of intermediate storage under controlled conditions and subsequent final disposal of the waste. Earlier calculations covering a time period of up to 104 years allowed to identify the maximum beta- and gamma-radiation induced dose loads for borosilicate glass (BSS) of a basic composition specifically designed to vitrify liquid HLW from ODC MCC [1]. This study evaluates potential feasibility of applying an accelerated proton beam to simulate radiation damage according to the type of beta-gamma effects produced on the BSS and investigates the consequences of such effects on its properties which is seen as a distinctive feature of this research.
The VVER-1000 thermal neutron reactor can operate on mixed uranium-plutonium fuel with a content of reactor-grade plutonium up to 5% with a 100% loaded core. In this case, plutonium burns up to 56% of odd isotopes. The energy potential of such plutonium is very low, and its further use in thermal reactors is impractical. However, such plutonium can be used in fast neutron reactors. The paper presents the results of investigating the possibility for such isotopic plutonium composition to be used in the BN-1200 thermal neutron reactor and its value be increased for the plutonium recycle in the reactor. For this purpose, a precision model of the BN-1200 reactor has been developed using the Serpent Monte Carlo code. The model has been verified against the reference values of the nuclear fuel burnup and breeding ratios. The study has shown that such plutonium can be used in the BN-1200 reactor MOX fuel. Maintaining the operating cycle length requires the plutonium fraction in the MOX fuel to be increased up to 2%. In the BN-1200 reactor, the isotopic composition has been found to improve for the further recycle of plutonium in the thermal reactor, i.e. odd plutonium isotopes increase. The fewer odd plutonium isotopes at the beginning of the BN-1200 operating cycle, the greater their increase. It can be seen as the result of the calculation that plutonium from VVER-1000 spent mixed fuel must be loaded into the BN-1200 reactor at least twice to increase the fraction of odd isotopes to the level of reactor-grade plutonium.
Всероссийская научно-техническая конференция «Нейтронно-физические проблемы атомной энергетики» Введение • Основные цели при разработке активных зон реакторов БН: создание конструкций активных зон с КВ > 1 обеспечение безопасности реакторов достижение высоких экономических показателей топливного цикла и реакторов • Дополнительная цель: выжигание младших актинидов, как минимум собственных Задачи по разработке конструкций активных зон для достижения указанных целей менялись при переходе от проекта к проекту Разработанные проекты (реализованные и на уровне технических проектов) Реакторы Активные зоны г. -БН-350, пуск в 1973 г. топливо UO 2 01 -базовая конструкция 01 М -первая модернизация 01 М1 -вторая модернизация г. -БН-600, пуск в 1980 г. топливо UO 2 01 -базовая конструкция 01 М -первая модернизация 01 М1 -вторая модернизация 01 М2 -третья модернизация г. (1976 г. -первый проект) -БН-800, пуск в 2016 г. топливо -МОКС, на начальном этапе также и UO 2 01 -базовая конструкция 1985г. 01 Г -гибридная активная зона (для начального этапа эксплуатации) г. -БН-1600, топливо -МОКС 01 -базовая конструкция (Для перспективы были проработаны активные зоны с перспективными видами топлива: UPuC, UPuN) г. -БН-1600М, топливо -МОКС 01 -базовая конструкция (Для перспективы были проработаны гетерогенные оксиднометаллические компоновки активных зон) г. -БН-1200, топливо -СНУП или МОКС 01 -активная зона со СНУП топливом 01 -активная зона с МОКС топливом
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