A study has been made of the effects of a variety of compounds on undrawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments. The results have been compared with those of a similar investigation using acrylic fibres [6]. From the comparison, further insight into the relative importance of non‐polar and other intermolecular forces in carrier‐dyeing has been gained. The significance of fibre swelling in relation to the dyeing properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibres is also considered.

SynopsisThe effect of various organic compounds on the birefringence equilibrium shrinkage and swelling of poly(ethy1ene terephthalate) filaments was studied. Evidence is presented that suggests the carrier action of the compounds is dominated by dispersion forces and that interaction between dye and the carrier in the fiber has been detected.

Cotton fabrics were oxidized with nitrogen dioxide and sodium periodate and crosslinked with dimethylol urea (DMU) and with dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) by the pad-dry-cure process. The effect of pre- and post-oxidation to resin treatment on the crease-resistance and tensile properties of cotton fabrics have been investigated. The results show that crease-recovery angle increases with degree of oxidation, and further periodate oxidation causes the release of strain in cellulose structure, thereby lowering the loss in tensile strength. Resin treatment, on the other hand, improves alkali sensitivity of periodate oxycellulose. Periodate oxidation and resin treatment therefore seem to complement each other.

Ion exchange and sorption of charged molecules such as dyes, crosslinking agents, etc., by cotton cellulose very much depend on the charge on cellulose, which in turn is known to depend on the external pH of the medium. In order to understand the role of various fixed groups in cellulose in its polyelectrolyte behavior, the standard cellulose was deliberately oxidized with nitrogen dioxide and sodium periodate, and the sorption of formaldehyde and dimethylol dihydroxyethylene urea by these oxycelluloses as well as by alkali‐treated nitrogen dioxide–oxycellulose was investigated. The results obtained are interpreted in terms of polyampholyte behavior of oxycellulose. The nitrogen dioxide–oxycellulose is positively charged and is a polycation in acidic medium due to protonation of aldehyde groups while it is negatively charged and acts as a polyanion in slightly acidic to alkaline medium due to dissociation of carboxyl groups.

The properties of cellulosic fabrics grafted with some vinyl copolymers have been investigated. Oxidation and crosslinking decreased the tensile properties whereas crease resistance was improved by metaperiodate oxidation. The method of grafting affects the change in the mechanical properties. Eigenschaften von vernetzten und gepfropften CellulosematerialienDie Eigenschaften von mit Vinylcopolymeren gepfropften Cellulosegeweben wurden untersucht. Oxidation und Vernetzung vcrringerten die Festigkeitseigenschaften der Gcwebe, wahrend der Knitterwiderstand durch Oxidation mit Periodat verbessert wurde. Die Pfropfmethode beeinflukite die GroBe der h d e r u n g der mechanischen Eigenschaftcn. Csoiicmsa cummbix u npusumbcx YeJtJtmJtombix Mamepuahos