Results of this study suggest that work at secondary aluminium smelters is associated with bladder cancer risk. Identification of occupational carcinogens in this industry is needed.

Between 2008 and 2017, 87 patients with lymphogenous metastasis from chondrosarcoma were treated at the Cancer Research Institute (Tomsk, Russia). Lymph node metastases were detected in 3 patients (3.4 %). All cases with lymphogenous metastases were characterized by the presence of the tumor in the appendicular skeleton, tumor extension beyond the bone with the formation of extraossal component, high-grade tumor (G2 and G3) and disease progression. Our study indicates the importance of the study of lymphogenous metastasis as evidence of an unfavorable outcome for chondrosarcoma. Further studies of risk factors for lymphogenous metastases and the mechanisms underlying lymphogenous metastasis will allow a better understanding of the phenomenon of lymphogenous metastasis.

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