A study has been made of the transient flow and energy transfer in a natural convection loop. In particular, a toroidal thermosyphon has been considered with orientation in a vertical plane that is heated over the lower half and cooled in the upper half. The basic conservation equations have been solved and the velocity and temperature distributions have been obtained which elucidate the phenomena in natural convection loops. The results include stable, as well as unstable configurations.

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A study has been made of the heat transfer and fluid flow in a natural convection loop. Previous studies of these systems have utilized a one-dimensional approach which requires a priori specifications of the friction and the heat-transfer coefficients. The present work carries out a two-dimensional analysis for the first time. The results yield the friction and the heat-transfer coefficients and give their variation along the loop with the Graetz number as a parameter. Comparison is also made with experimental data for the heat flux and good agreement is obtained.

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