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The paper studied the effect of microbial polysaccharides on the leukogram of laboratory animals and studied the dynamics of peripheral blood parameters with an assessment of immunobiological reactivity based on established patterns of physiological status. The results of numerous studies of the state of natural resistance of farm animals indicate that protective forces are a dynamic indicator, and is determined both by the genetic characteristics of the body and the impact of various environmental factors. This circumstance allows directionally influencing the formation and manifestation of the body’s defenses. Thus, the study of the immunological reactivity of the organism of farm animals becomes relevant for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, for rational pathogenetic therapy. The problem of increasing the nonspecific resistance of productive animals has not lost its relevance in the current difficult economic situation in Russia. This fact is dangerous by the manifestation of enzootic outbreaks of infectious diseases and a gradual decrease in the breeding value of animals.

In the manufacture of ophthalmic medicinal films, special attention should be paid to the choice of a film-forming substance, since both the shape of the future film and its medicinal properties as a whole depend on it. This article provides a laboratory analysis with a comparative assessment of the optimal concentrations of two film-forming substances, polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin. Most of the presented film formers have a number of disadvantages, such as thickness, insufficient strength and elasticity, heterogeneity, formation of cracks and creases. One of the requirements for ophthalmic medicinal films is the smoothness of the surface and the absence of sharp corners. Based on the foregoing, we set the goal of the study - to conduct a laboratory test of film-forming substances for the manufacture of ophthalmic medicinal films. An analysis of domestic and foreign works gave reason to use polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin as the basis for ophthalmic medicinal films. As a result of the study, we have established the optimal concentrations of film-forming substances (polyvinyl alcohol and gelatin) that meet the existing requirements. The optimal concentration of the gelatin solution was the ratio of 1:7. The addition of the plasticizer glycerol to gelatinin the manufacture of ophthalmic medicinal films is mandatory. The optimal concentration of the solution of polyvinyl alcohol was the ratio of 1:15. Films from both film formers did not lose their shape, did not form cracks or breaks when introduced into the conjunctival sac. No irritant effect was observed. Laying the films did not cause difficulties. Forms of gelatin completely dissolved in the eye in 40 minutes, of polyvinyl alcohol - in 90 minutes.

The article is devoted to the quantitative characterization of dogs and cats’ jejunum mucus membrane echoicity in different functional states (fasting and postprandial period). The object of the study was healthy dogs of different ages and different breeds (17) and cats (14) of both sexes at the age from 1 to 7 years. The studies were carried out at the Pirogov Veterinary Center in Stavropol using a SIUI Apogee 1100 Omni scanner (Shantou Institute of Ultrasonic Instruments Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China) according to the standard technique using a multi-frequency linear sensor with a frequency of 7-12 MHz. Echohomogeneity and echoicity of the intestinal wall was determined by the method of Silina T L, et al. (2010). Animals were examined before feeding with a preliminary 10-12 hour fasting diet, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after feeding with Purina® ready-made dry food. Mucous membrane echoicity of dogs and cats’ duodenum and jejunum does not change after feeding however 64.7% of dogs had single and multiple small inclusions and less often a longitudinal hyperechoic stripe appears in the mucosa. These changes are most expressed from 60 to 120 minutes after feeding and mostly disappear by 180 minutes. Only 21.4% of cats showed the presence of single hyperechoic inclusions in the mucous membrane of the duodenum or jejunum from 40 to 90 minutes after feeding. The described changes in the mucous membrane of the jejunum must be taken into account when an ultrasound scan is performed on an animal after a meal.