The article discusses distribution electrical networks 0.38 kV operating modes, feeding individual residential buildings. The electrical energy parameters measurement were certified RESURS-UF2M device carried out. The currents and voltages time diagrams based on the measurements made and using Matlab technologies were constructed. It is established that the level of phase currents unbalance is quite high and causes significant three-phase power supply system unbalance voltage accordingly. The power of quality indicators - calculations, characterizing voltage unbalance were made, which were based on the measurements and the computer program “Asymmetry” was used. As well as the additional power losses coefficient determining by the phase currents unbalance, were calculations. Time diagrams these indicators are constructed and their analysis were made. As a result, the power of quality is significantly reduced by unbalance power consumption in the studied electrical network were founded. At the same time, the additional power losses are significant increases. Specific recommendations for the normalization electrical network-operating mode are given.
The purpose of this study is to study the effect of loading power transformers (PT) in their continuous use on their energy efficiency on a real-life example of existing rural electric networks. It is noted that the vast majority of PT in rural areas have a very low load factor, which leads to an increase in specific losses of electric energy when this is transmitted to various consumers. It is planned to optimize the existing synchronized power supply systems in rural areas by creating new power supply projects in such a way as to integrate existing power sources and ensure the most efficient loading of power transformers for the subsequent transfer of these systems to isolated ones that receive power from distributed generation facilities. As an example, we use data from an electric grid company on loading power transformers in one of the districts of the Irkutsk region. Issues related to the determination of electric energy losses in rural PT at different numerical values of their load factors are considered. A computing device was developed using modern programming tools in the MATLAB system, which has been used to calculate and plot the dependence of power losses in transformers of various capacities on the actual and recommended load factors, as well as the dependence of specific losses during the transit of 1 kVA of power through a power transformer at the actual, recommended and optimal load factors. The analysis of specific losses of electric energy at the actual, recommended and optimal load factors of PT is made. Based on the analysis, the intervals of optimal load factors for different rated power of PT of rural distribution electric networks are proposed. It is noted that to increase the energy efficiency of PT, it is necessary to reduce idling losses by increasing the load of these transformers, which can be achieved by reducing the number of transformers while changing the configuration of 0.38 kV distribution networks.
The article presents calculations the additional electric loss in the case of three-phase voltage system unbalance in the real rural electrical distribution networks (0.38 kV). Measurements were carried out at substations that receive power from distribution substation “Petropavlovsk”. Measurements were carried out using a certified device “Resource-UF2M”. Also presented are graphs of changes in currents/voltages of the negative-sequence and zero-sequence, electric loss and other parameters. The results of the economic assessment of electricity losses are presented. As a result, the proposed method for reducing the power loss factor, that can reduce the losses of electricity.
The current low levels of allowable amounts of wood removals (annual allowable cut) are largely predetermined by economic inaccessibility of forest resources. Achievement of the target value of the indicator of the state program of the Russian Federation "Development of Forestry" for 2013-2020 years in terms of forestry is impossible to ensure without the formation of favorable economic conditions for the implementation of logging activities. Economic incentive for development of forest resources is a positive criterion of economic accessibility of forest resources, which is defined by the value or exceeding the value of forest rent standard cost of reproduction, and protection of forests. The affordability of forest resources is affected by the totality of the various factors (resource, logistics, general economic, commercial, institutional) determining the level of prices, costs of production and reproduction of timber forest resources, as well as possible legal restrictions on the development of forests. Based on the results of calculations on cutting area fund of Vilegodsky forest, located in the southeastern part of the Arkhangelsk region, analysis of the impact of such factors as the use of low-quality wood, the level of prices and wages to economic accessibility of forest resources was made. In the absence of processing low-quality wood, proportion of economically inaccessible forests was more than 30 %, at the same time in the organization of pellet production volume of economically inaccessible forests decreased by 44.7 %, while the estimate of economically accessible forest resources increased by 45.3 %. Increase in the price of forest products by 10% leads to a decrease in cost of inaccessible forest resources of Vilegodsky forest for about 50-65 %, reflecting the importance of this factor. The level of wages is also a determining factor for the assessment of the economic accessibility of forest resources. With the growth of the average wage in the lumber from 35 thousand up to 40 thousand rubles per month, assessment of economically accessible forest resources is reduced by more than a third, and the volume and the number of plots of economically accessible forest resources – for more than a quarter.
The article considers the using intelligent controls possibility in low-voltage rural electric networks to minimize the unbalance modes consequences. The proposed technology includes the digital data transmission compilation on the electrical energy parameters with a new balancing technical means the electrical network operating mode. Digital feedback is provided for changes the balancing device (BD) parameters by the unbalancing power consumption changing level. Based on the developed methods compilation, software for calculating unbalancing modes has been created, which makes it possible to assess the currents and voltages unbalancing effect on the power quality and its additional losses change. The “green” technology proposed version, which increases the economic and the electric energy environmental safety use in the rural electric power industry, contains a new constructive solution for the balancing device implementation. The proposed technology was tested on the measurement data basis in existing electrical networks. Based on the MALAB technologies use, changes studied indicators visualization in the before and after BD integration in the electrical network was carried out and its analysis was makes. Used on the “neural networks” MALAB technology, a preventive assessment of the unbalancing power consumption events development in the investigated operating electrical network is presented, as well as the proposed technology effectiveness assessment was carried out.
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