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Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the free radical scavenging potential and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting of the ethanolic extract of south Indian orthodox black tea (OBT).Methods: Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods, and free radical scavenging activity of the extract was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide anion (SOD), and hydroxyl radical scavenging capacities. The ethanolic extract of OBT was loaded in the pre-coated HPTLC plates (silica gel 60 F 254) E-MERCK KGaA. HPTLC was carried out with toluene: ethyl acetate: diethylamine (7:2:1), chloroform: methanol:formic acid (8.5:1.0:0.5), and butanol: isopropyl alcohol (1:1) as mobile phase for alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, respectively.Results: HPTLC results confirmed that the extract contained several potential active components such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids as the slides revealed multicolored bands of varying intensities. Extract of OBT reliably showed the total phenolics 132.27 mg/g, flavonoids 72.52 mg/g, and alkaloids 66.01 mg/g of dry matter. The IC50 value of OBT for DPPH was found to be 372.22 μg/ml, SOD 311.93 μg/ml, NO 362.17 μg/ml, hydroxyl radical 342.14 μg/ml, and reducing power 178.54 μg/ml.Conclusion: The HPTLC fingerprinting profile developed for ethanolic extract will help in proper identification and quantification of marker compounds. The ethanolic extract of OBT was found to possess a wide range of phytochemicals with excellent antioxidant properties. This information may help to choose the best beverage to be consumed in the future.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidant levels in various solvent extracts of Vernonia cinerea leaves. Methods:The fine powder of leaf (180 g) was extracted successively with methanol, ethanol, petroleum ether (40-60°C), benzene, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and aqueous in a Soxhlet extractor for 18 h. The extracts were concentrated under reduced pressure at low temperature (40-50°C), and the extracts were analyzed for the antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidise, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), polyphenol oxidase, glutathione (GSH) reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and non-enzymic antioxidants such as Vitamin A, C, E, reduced GSH, and total phenol.Results: Significant activities of enzymic antioxidants such as CAT (23.68 µ mole of H 2 O 2 decomposed/min/mg protein, SOD (19.75 inhibition of 50% nitrite form/min/mg protein), and GST (73.28 µ mole of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene conjugate formed/min) were observed higher in the methanolic extracts. Whereas, ethanolic extract exhibits maximum activity of GPx (1.054 µ mole of GSH utilized/min) and Px (102.1 µ mole of pyrogallol oxidized/ min/mg protein). Total GSH (172.3 µM/g), Vitamin E (23.76 µM/g), and total phenols were significantly predominant in the ethanolic extracts followed by methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. Conclusion:V. cinerea seems to be a promising plant in respect of its antioxidant potential, there is a lot more to be done to understand the mechanisms behind these effects as well as to employ them as possible therapeutic agents.