Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) remains the main cause of projectile vomiting in newborns. During many decades the open pyloromyotomy was the main method of treatment in children with HPS due to the excellent results and low frequency of complications. After applying the laparoscopic pyloromyotomy, this approach gradually became accepted by pediatric surgeons. Regarding advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic pyloromyotomy compared to conventional pyloromyotomy the literature data had a contradictory character. The aim is to analyze our own experience in the treatment of children with HPS using traditional and minimally invasive techniques. Materials and methods. This study based on the results of the treatment of 98 children, which were operated with pyloric stenosis during 2009–2020 years. Diagnosis was established on the results of clinical, laboratory investigation, and ultrasonographic data. Surgery was applied after correction of electrolytes disturbances, but a type of approach (open or laparoscopic) was chosen by surgeon. With the aim to evaluate the results the methods of variative statistic, parametric and nonparametric evaluation were applied. Results. Open pyloromyotomy was applied in 76 (77.6%) and laparoscopic – in 22 (22.4%) of children. Complications developed in 10 children, including 8 (10.5%) patients after open and 2 (9.1%) – after laparoscopic pyloromyotomy (p=0.842). Perforation of mucosa was in one (4.55%) child during laparoscopic pyloromyotomy, but in case of open approach this complication was absent. Independence of the approach, the cases of incomplete myotomy were absent. The surgical site infection (3.95%), postoperative hernia (2.63%), and adhesive bowel obstruction (2.63%) were more often observed after open pyloromyotomy. Laparoscopic pyloromyotomy characterized by the decrease of terms of starting enteral feeding (p<0.001) and length of hospital stay (p=0.031) compared with open pyloromyotomy. Conclusions. Pyloromyotomy remains the main method of treatment of newborns with pyloric stenosis, but a type of approach was chosen by surgeon. Open and laparoscopic pyloromyotomy equally effective and safe for the treatment of children with the hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki declaration. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, newborns, treatment, pyloromyotomy, laparoscopy.

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IntroductionThe objectives were to study the changes in the mechanics of respiration in children undergoing surgery depending on the value of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during laparoscopic procedures, and to compare the effects of different mechanical ventilation modes – pressure controlled (PCV) and volume controlled (VCV) ventilation – on the mechanics of respiration considering carboxyperitoneum conditions (CP).AimTo study the changes in the mechanics of respiration in operated children depending on the value of intra-abdominal pressure during laparoscopic procedures.Material and methodsFifty-two children aged 1–12 years undergoing laparoscopic surgery on inguinal hernias were randomly allocated to receive mechanical ventilation using either VCV (n = 24) or PCV (n = 28) mode. Respiratory mechanics were measured before application of carboxyperitoneum (initial data) and after the gas had been pumped into the abdominal cavity, at the following intra-abdominal pressure values: 6 mm Hg, 8 mm Hg, 10 mm Hg, 12 mm Hg, 14 mm Hg.ResultsElevation of intra-abdominal pressure due to carboxyperitoneum conditions had a negative effect on the mechanics of respiration. Changes in the respiratory mechanics were restrictive in nature in both groups. The patients who were receiving pressure controlled ventilation showed a decrease in tidal volume, exhaled minute volume, and dynamic lung compliance, which affected the gas exchange at intra-abdominal pressure values ≥ 12 mm Hg. Patients who were receiving volume controlled ventilation showed an increase in peak inspiratory pressure and mean airway pressure and a decrease in dynamic lung compliance in response to higher intra-abdominal pressure. A significant increase of concentration of exhaled carbon dioxide (etCO2) was registered at IAP ≥ 12 mm Hg.ConclusionsApplication of carboxyperitoneum causes increased intra-abdominal pressure and restrictive disorders in respiratory mechanics. Intra-abdominal pressure readings within 8–12 mm Hg allow laparoscopic procedures to be performed without significant gas exchange disorders in children older than 1 year.