One of the challenges of antipsychotic medication is the occurrence of Extrapyramidal Symptoms. These cannot be easily eliminated considering the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the established mechanism of action of classical antipsychotics. The antipsychotics help improve symptoms of schizophrenia by binding to dopamine receptors in the central nervous system and blocking dopamine. This prevents the basal ganglia from getting enough dopamine. Many drugs used in the treatment of mental disorders such as the neuroleptics and antidepressants adversely affect extrapyramidal system function, resulting in symptoms such as tremors and muscle rigidity collectively known as extrapyramidal symptoms. Treatment generally involves lowering the dose or trying a different antipsychotic but drugs may also be used specifically to treat symptoms. This review examines the attempt to eliminate extrapyramidal symptoms by generations of antipsychotic medications and their comparative efficacy in the treatment of schizophrenia. A wide internet search was carried out using keywords and phrases that include; Antipsychotics, Typical Antipsychotics, Atypical Antipsychotics, Dopaminergic, Extrapyramidal symptoms, comparative efficacy of Antipsychotics and Adverse Effect of Antipsychotics. This will further reinforce knowledge and prescription patterns for antipsychotic medications.

The scientific study of the nervous system is a major area for disease and consequently disease management. The use of drugs to treat neurological disease is the backbone of this sphere of therapy. This review will concentrate of the history, process, constraints and novelty of drug discovery for these disorders. It will enhance understanding and contribute to an improved efficiency of the drug development process. The history of drug discovery in neuroscience follows the pattern of other discoveries in civilisation. Solutions obtained by steeping or soaking natural substances comprised the only source of medicines until data-based processes were developed to; remove impurities from, increase the concentration of, and separate active substances from these extracts. In most cases, the development of a new medicinal drug starts when scientists learn of a target that is involved in a natural process thought to be impaired in function for patients with sicknesses such as Alzheimer's disease. Better medicines that are improvements on current medications are further found to have greater value as they offer benefits over existing ones for disease treatment, prevention or alleviation in terms of potency, safety, tolerability, or convenience. Regulatory agencies are set up to ensure conformity to steps and standards for improved safety and efficacy. In accordance with this, neurological drugs have less success rates and take more time to acquire, than do other drug classes.