The results of determining the maximum fiber take-up velocity (MTV) were used in studying the effect of temperature and composition of the coagulation bath (bath Ia CaCI, solution with a concentration of 22.2 to 244.2 g/l and p H o to 7 . 5 ; bath I1a NaCl solution with a conceiitration of o to 306.8 g/l and p H from o to 2 . 0 ) on the spinnability of casein solutions. For both baths, the dependence of the MTV on p H and salt concentration are of extreme nature. As the * By delinition, ( d P L / B C ; ) v , a ( q~/ L * ) .

We present the results of a study of sodium alginate solutions spinnability in a coagulation bath containing CaCI, and HCl. The spinnability is estimated by means of the measurement of the maximum take-up velocity (MTUV) of the fiber at the time of breaking. We have demonstrated that MTUV represents a function of parameters associated with the peculiar features of coagulation. A simplified relation is suggested which allows to consider MTUV as spinnability criterion.In preparing ,,dope" solutions or fiber spinning for manufacturing artificial meat products one of the fundamental question is the criterion of spinnability.In order to estimate spinnability, the ,,drop method" [I] and the ,,rod method" [z] have been suggested. Their short-comings arise from the fact that they ignore the processes that occur in the coagulation tank, from the low values of the longitudinal velocity gradient as compared to those specified by technological conditions, and also from the non-stationary nature of the flow [3]. Therefore, at present they are rarely applied.Nowadays two other methods are more frequently used, the first of them consists in determining the maximum take-up velocity of fiber (MTUV) under actual conditions of its formation [4]. Its advantages follow from its being simple and efficient. This method, however, has not sufficiently well been justified theoretically, so that it is difficult to imagine the nature of dependence of the finished fiber performance characteristics on the magnitude of MTUV.The second method is based on production and processing of the spinning solution as dependent on the properties of the finished fiber [5,6]. It is, however, less acceptable in the laboratory research since its efficiency is relatively low.The present report discusses the results of the analysis of the coagulation bath composition (the acid solution of calcium chloride) affecting spinnability of sodium alginate solutions, based on determination of MTUV. The above object of research has been chosen in view of the fact that the sodium alginate solutions are characterized by appropriate spinning qualities. Experimental MaterialsSodium alginate (British Drug Houses Chemicals Ltd, England) : the content of the main component is not below 95%.[v] = 10.5 deciliterlg at 25 "C in a aqueous solution with the ion concentration of 0.2 mole/l. the molecular mass 1.5 f 0.2 . 10) glmole. The specimen was not purified additionally.

The article describes a rare case of a foreign body removal from the tracheobronchial tree of a child. In the acute period of aspiration, the girl developed severe hypoxia, a terminal condition caused by the standing of a foreign body in the infraglottic space, a spasm of the vocal cords and obstruction of the lumen of the respiratory tract. In emergency tracheal intubation in a medical institution at the place of residence, the foreign body was moved more distally, which allowed to restore lung ventilation, stabilize the child’s condition and transport her to a specialized medical institution where X-ray and endoscopic examination were performed. It was found that the one-year-old patient had a screw cap tightly wedged into the lumen of the right main bronchus, and the screw’s opposite sharp end punched the left wall of the trachea above its carina. There was a potentially high risk of perforation of the main vessels of the mediastinum with massive bleeding and an unfavorable outcome. Endoscopic removal of a foreign body was technically impossible due to the peculiarity of its transverse arrangement and perforation of the wall, which served as an indication for emergency thoracotomy. A longitudinal sternotomy was performed, providing good access to the distal trachea, the main bronchi and the great vessels. Then we performed transverse bronchotomy in the initial part of the right main bronchus on half of its circumference, removed the foreign body, sutured the wall of the bronchus. The length of the extracted self-drilling screw was 35 millimeters. Postoperative early and late periods went without complications. At follow-up, mucosal surface of the right main bronchus was pink, the vascular pattern was visible, the bronchus was freely passable, not deformed.

Objective: to present a case of successful treatment of rare severe lung lesions in a child.Methods: the article analyzes the result of the treatment of lung histiocytosis in a child aged 4 years. The clinical manifestation of the disease began with an increase in the parotid lymph nodes, otitis, pneumonia, and rapidly progressive respiratory failure. On the roentgenogram, bulle transformation of both lungs was noted. The severity of the disease was complicated by bilateral pneumothorax, the formation of bronchopleural fistulas. Histiocytosis of the lungs from Langerhans cells (GCR) was determined morphologically when examining tissue taken at thoracoscopy. Endoscopically, the lung was without signs of inflammation, with multiple subpleural air cavities. The child underwent chemotherapy (vinblastine, prednisone), repeated drainage of the pleural cavity with recurrent intense pneumothorax. For health reasons, a longitudinal sternotomy was performed, total decortication of the costal pleura on both sides (mechanical pleurodesis), which contributed to subsequent fixation of the lung to the chest wall and prevention of recurrent total stressed pneumothorax. Twice developed limited pneumothorax was stopped by drainage and chemical pleurodesis.Results: Against the background of ongoing complex therapy (drainage of the pleural cavity, mechanical and chemical pleurodesis, chemo- and antibacterial therapy), the condition improved (clinically and radiographically). The child was discharged on day 152 of treatment. On the control MSCT of the lungs, eight months after discharge, there are minimal signs of bullous transformation, and the symptoms of pneumosclerosis of both lungs are moderate. There are no manifestations of pulmonary hypertension.Conclusion: verification of the diagnosis of pulmonary GLC is very difficult. The complex treatment requires the participation of a wide range of doctors, including a pediatric surgeon.