Freezing is one of the methods to preserve and guarantee the quality of meat until it reaches the consumer. Even though freezing is classified as a mild form of preservation, it causes meat changes resulting from the formation of ice crystals that subsequently affect the tenderness and functionality of meat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and structural characteristics of chicken half breast submitted to fast freezing (-36 °C for 2 hours) and thawed by five different methods (under refrigeration, in a microwave, in a oven with air circulation, placed in cold water, or at room temperature). After thawing, the following parameters were evaluated: moisture content, drip loss (syneresis), water activity (a w ), and shear force. Samples were also histologically evaluated by light microscopy. The results indicated that, despite being submitted to fast freezing, thawing affected (p <0.05) most of the physicochemical and structural properties of the meat, except for a w . Thawing in cold water (packed in low-density polyethylene bags and placed in cold water at approximately 10 °C for 2 hours and 15 minutes) presented the best results due to lesser damage to the cell structure, as shown by the lower drip loss, higher moisture content, and greater tenderness of the samples compared to those thawed using the other methods. Histological examination showed that muscle fiber structural features and organization were maintained. Thawing at low temperatures seems to cause less damage to the meat structure and allows maintaining of its properties. It was concluded that the meat quality is not related only with the freezing method, but also with the method and conditions used in thawing.
RESUMO -O presente estudo verificou as propriedades funcionais hidrofílicas da CMS de Tilápia bruta e seca, não hidrolisada e hidrolisada enzimaticamente utilizando-se a enzima Flavourzyme ® . Primeiramente fez-se a caracterização físico-química da CMS, fracionamento e secagem das amostras a 60⁰C sendo, posteriormente, determinadas a solubilidade e a capacidade absorção de água (CAA) em diferentes pHs (3, 5, 7 e 11) e capacidade de retenção de óleo (CRO) e parâmetros de cor, antes e após a hidrólise. O Grau de Hidrólise (GH) foi determinado ao longo de 360 minutos. Os resultados do GH apresentaram diferença estatística significativa (p<0,05) para os tempos de 60 minutos e 300 minutos, correspondendo a 33,95 % e 58,98 %, respectivamente. Para a solubilidade, apenas a amostra hidrolisada durante 300 minutos e em pH 11 apresentou diferença significativa. Para a CAA, nos pHs 5 e 11, houve diferença entre as amostras controle e os hidrolisados. Para uma mesma amostra, verificou-se que o controle apresentou diferença na CAA para os pHs 3-5 e os pHs 7-11. Para o hidrolisado durante 60 minutos não houve diferença estatística e para os hidrolisados durante 300 minutos, a CAA em pH 11 apresentou diferença significativa, sendo obtida, nestas condições, o maior valor, correspondente a 317,84%. Para a CRO, não houve diferença entre as amostras. Quanto aos parâmetros de cor, apenas a* e b* apresentaram diferença significativa entre o controle e os hidrolisados, sendo os últimos com valor superior.
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