A defective casting leads to a tremendous loss of productivity [1]. Ductile cast iron has excellent mechanical properties, such as high strength, good ductility, good wear resistance and good fatigue properties. The properties of ductile cast iron are dependent on both chemistry and heat treatment [2]. Many steel components are replaced by ductile iron due to high strength to weight ratio and range of properties. Ductile iron provides a good combination of strength and ductility due to the presence of spheroid graphite [3]. Modification of various alloys is a well known process for improving the properties by changes of microstructure [4]. Even small changes in element content lead to statistically significant increases or decreases in mechanical properties of cast iron. Proper selection of process parameters is necessary in order to obtain a good quality and subsequently increase the productivity of the process [5]. Carbon equivalent

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The applications of composite materials based on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) have been increasing considerably in aerospace industries, because of their good physical and mechanical characteristics. It is necessary to develop new manufacturing process and production techniques to ensure good surface quality of the components. As a result of this manufacturing scenario, it is necessary to study the machining process. This study reports practical experiments in turning, to study the performance of Poly Crystalline Diamond (PCD) inserts of 1500 grade. The results show that diamond tools are suitable for use in finish turning. The tests were carried out with PCD insert at various cutting speeds on a medium duty lathe of spindle power 2KW. In the optimization method, turning was done by grade (PCD 1500) for 30 seconds duration for each trial at different cutting conditions by using design of experiments. Parameters such as power consumed by main spindle, surface roughness were measured. Graphs were drawn to analyze the performance of1500 grade on various parameters.