In the past few years, the need for low-cost, high-performance materials is increasing. Design engineers and researchers are replacing the metals and alloys with advanced materials. Journal bearings are integral parts of machines, engines running to serve the purpose. They play a significant vital role in the performance, efficiency, minimizing the cost of operation, enhancing the durability and reliability of the system. Materials used for these moving elements have undergone tremendous change since the invention of Tin Babbitt. In this paper, a critical review of Journal bearing materials, right from the old-age Babbitt to advanced materials in use till date is presented. Metallurgical aspects and mechanical behavior of successful, widely used bearing materials along with their micro and nanocomposite alternatives are discussed. Tin Babbitt is an ideal material for journal bearing applications. So, it is taken as reference for comparing the quality of other bearing materials.

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It is general fact that even after enormous expansion of wireless communication there are still dead regions that hampers the effective communication. With exponential rise in the smart phones, a new layer of communication has evolved that could address the concerns of dead regions and capacity barriers. D2D is the evolving communication technology which focuses on short distance hops between the public devices to reach the destination. The major drawback of this technology is that most of the devices are public hence trustworthiness of the entire channel needs to be addressed in order to make it a viable solution. In this paper, we introduce a novel hybrid cryptographic approach that could address multiple eavesdroppers' scenario. This approach incorporates both Huffman coding and Binary coding to enhance the crypto benefits for the information transmitted over D2D channel that consists of several public devices. The dual-crypto nature of the proposed algorithm offers higher efficiency, better security and improved key transmission. Thus, the proposed hybrid cryptographic approach is robust in nature while easy and simple to operate. In addition, the proposed approach could recover the original information without any distortion from the encrypted data making the approach lossless in nature. Further simulation results prove that the proposed offers confidentiality to the transmitted to data while addressing the network capacity crunch.

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