Background. Determination of reflex accommodation indicators is of particular interest, both from clinical and scientific points of view. However, the heterogeneity of methods and approaches for evaluation of results obtained makes it necessary to compare and confront them in details.Purpose: to summarize and systematize the literature-based data of modern accommodation measurement methods.Methods. The analysis of domestic monographs was carried out. The domestic and foreign articles on eLibrary and PubMed within the last 20 years were analyzed. The articles with an incomplete selection criteria and statistically unreliable results (p < 0.05) were excluded.Results. Though the measurements of reflex accommodation indicators by subjective methods are consistent with each other, they are overestimated compared to the results of objective studies. Among the objective methods, special attention should be paid to the open-field autorefractometers as they level possible instrumental accommodation that is typical for the closed-field autorefractometers. Regarding this, it is necessary to clarify the methods used in the studies of this direction. By taking into account the indicators of reflex accommodation for assessing pathological conditions and treatment results, it is necessary to consider relative (i. e., comparative) measurement values but not absolute ones.Conclusion. The analysis of literature sources showed that the modern approaches of reflex accommodation study were very different. The methods discussed in this review are suitable for both clinical and scientific practice application. However, a mandatory reference to the method used is required for a correct assessment of results.

Introduction. Pathologies of the visual organ (keratitis, glaucoma, etc.) occupy a leading place among the causes of vision loss and blindness. According to the literature, the immunopathogenesis of bacterial keratitis is associated with the activation of macrophages and oxygen explosion. The role of these mechanisms in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma is not fully understood. There are isolated studies in which the development of this pathology is associated with nitric oxide NO, which is produced by endothelial NO synthase (nos). However, despite numerous studies, the role of immunogenetics in the pathogenesis of glaucoma remains insufficiently researched.The aim of the study is to explore the association of T786C, C774T, Glu298Asp polymorphic markers of the eNOS gene with development of POAG in residents of the Perm Territory.Materials and methods. The study was performed using peripheral blood collected from 93 patients with POAG and 96 patients with cataracts. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed after the DNA extraction. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes in the study groups were measured using the chi-square (χ2 ) test and Fisher’s exact test. Results with p < 0.05 were seen as statistically significant. The calculated odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval were used to quantify the association between POAG development in patients and the existence of an unfavorable polymorphic marker.Results. The C774T and Glu298Asp markers did not show any significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles of the eNOS gene. Higher frequencies of the homozygous TT genotype; and lower frequencies of the C allele of T786C polymorphic locus of eNOS gene were detected in patients with POAG.Conclusion. Polymorphic markers of the eNOS gene can be seen as factors associated with the risk of POAG.