No abstract

The article determined and presented the productivity components of different varieties of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) in the field experiments of 2019–2020 in the conditions of the northern part of the Central Chernozem region. The varieties Degas, Delta, Start, Manovitsky, adapted to the region’s conditions were studied, as well as the varieties Timiryazevskiy and Ghana recently included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements. Despite the high potential of the varieties, there is a significant decrease in yield and its instability during cultivation in different years and different soil and climatic conditions. During the years of research, weather conditions had a substantial effect on the rate of plant development, the duration of individual periods of crop formation, and, in general, the time of the growing season from sowing to the complete ripening phase. The studies determined the effect of stress factors associated with changes in meteorological conditions of the growing season on the variability of plant seed productivity parameters. The varieties of white lupine with a determinant growth type created at Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy were characterized by a high level of adaptive potential to moisture deficiency (drought) and heat stress. The biological yield of the varieties was high; on average, for the varieties, it was 530 g/m2 in 2019 and 570 g/m2 in 2020. The seed yield was formed by 85 and 90% over the years due to the seeds of the main shoot. The coefficient of variation (V%) averaged 12% and 10% for varieties; on lateral shoots, it was three times higher.

The results of optimizing the conditions for growing sweet potatoes in vitro are presented. It is shown that the mineral composition of the nutrient medium has a significant effect on the growth of side shoots. With the simultaneous formation of shoots, rooting of micro gears was observed.

The article presents the research findings from the analysis of the growth, development, and yield formation characteristics as well as grain amino acid composition of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). The aim of this research was to assess the adaptability of quinoa, a new alternative crop for the Non-Chernozem conditions of Moscow’s urban region. Five quinoa cultivars were tested, namely Brighest Brillian, Red Faro, Cherry Vanilla, Titicaca, and Regalona and were grown on sod-podzolic soil with wide-row hill-drop planting. For four years, the quinoa cultivars produced high yields without fertilizer and pesticide application—on average, 2.08–2.59 tons of grain per hectare—with a high content of protein and essential amino acids, primarily valine, lysine, and threonine. The Cherry Vanilla and Regalona cultivars had the highest grain yield on average (2.59 and 2.39 t/ha, respectively). Being able to produce crops in years with different temperatures and moisture supply, they were described as cultivars with high flexibility. However, none of the studied cultivars provided a sustained yield. The total protein content in the quinoa grains grown in 2020 ranged from 12.50 to 13.96% with high essential amino acids scores, such as valine, lysine, and threonine. The cultivar Red Faro was characterized by the highest ecological plasticity, stability, and resistance to the environmental conditions of Moscow’s urban region.

The article proposes the results of studying the influence of various types of cattle grazing on the content of mobile forms of phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O), organic matter (C,%) and Ph rate. It has been found out that with different types of cattle grazing, clear differentiation of the agrochemical state within the land plots is manifested. The degree of vegetation cover digression is characterized by a significant decrease in the species composition depending on the type of cattle grazing. Various levels of interrelation between the type of cattle grazing and observable dynamics of changes in the ecological functions of soil cover and their influence on the structure of the digression levels formation are designated in the article. The obtained results based on the conclusions of this article may serve as one of the options for conducting research on the assessment of destructive anthropogenic activity. For the most effective protection of soil cover of territories exposed to livestock impact, it is necessary to develop agrotechnical complexes. It has been discovered that real loads as a result of uncontrolled and periodic cattle overgrazing are 10 times higher than the maximum permissible norms that manifests itself in intense and significant violation of a natural ecosystem.