One of the most common consequences of cerebral circulatory disorders are cognitive disorders of varying severity. The article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of vascular cognitive disorders using antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.

The article discusses the history of brain neuroplasticity, its effect on the restoration of functions after a stroke. Various mechanisms of neuroplasticity are considered: functions of reorganization, neurogenesis, the effect on neuroplasticity of training, the use of various rehabilitation techniques, and drug therapy.

The worldwide trend towards headache (HA) chronization is an important medical and social problem due to frequent psychological and social maladaptation of patients. Chronic HAs reduce quality of life and patients ability to work. The trend towards headache chronization is largely associated with acceleration of the pace of life, constant social and informational tension, leading to emotional disturbances, such as depression, anxiety, and asthenia. Single medical interventions do not seem to have a lasting effect. Thus, such patients require long-term comprehensive rehabilitation with regard to the type and characteristic features of HA, as well as triggers and comorbid condition. Rehabilitation should include adequate long-term drug therapy aimed at preventing exacerbations of HA. Additional approaches may include botulinum neurotoxin injections, physiotherapy (biofeedback, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation), psychotherapy, comorbid conditions diagnosis and treatment, lifestyle intervention.

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