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A Gram-stain-positive, oxidase-negative, starch-hydrolysing, actinobacterium (strain JC82 T ) was isolated from a soda lake in Lonar, India. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, strain JC82 T belonged to the genus Georgenia and was most closely related to Georgenia muralis 1A-C T (96.8 %) and other members of the genus Georgenia (,96.5 %). The DNA G+C content of strain JC82 T was 73.4 mol%. The cell-wall amino acids were alanine, glutamic acid and lysine with peptidoglycan type A4a. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, an unidentified lipid (L1) and an unidentified glycolipid (GL3). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone MK-8(H 4 ). Anteiso-C 15 : 0 was the predominant fatty acid and significant proportions of iso-C 14 : 0 , C 14 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 were also detected. Strain JC82 T produced thermostable alkaline amylase. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed a clear phenotypic differentiation of strain JC82 T from all other members of the genus Georgenia. Based on these data, strain JC82 T represents a novel species of the genus Georgenia, for which the name Georgenia satyanarayanai sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC82 T (5KCTC 19802 T 5NBRC 107612 T ).The alkaline Lonar Lake (19 u 589 360 N, 76 u 309 300 E) in India is a unique basaltic rock meteorite impact crater, ranking third in the world in terms of alkalinity. The lake is rich in bacterial diversity (Joshi et al., 2008;Wani et al., 2006), although at the time of writing, only two bacterial species isolated from the lake had validly published names (Indibacter alkaliphilus and Nitritalea halalkaliphila; Anil Kumar et al., 2010a, b). In this report, we describe a novel actinobacterium, strain JC82 T belonging to the genus Georgenia which was isolated from a sediment sample from Lonar Lake. The genus Georgenia was first proposed by Altenburger et al. (2002) with Georgenia muralis as the type species. At the time of writing, the genus Georgenia comprised six recognized species, including the recently described Georgenia daeguensis (Woo et al., 2012). The members of this genus are Gram-stainpositive, aerobic or facultative anaerobic, non-sporulating, oxidase-and catalase-positive, motile or non-motile bacteria with MK-8(H4) as the predominant menaquinone, anteiso-C 15 : 0 as the major fatty acid, lysine as the diagnostic cell wall amino acid and a polar lipid profile with diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol as major components (Tang et al., 2010). Strain JC82 T was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Lonar Lake in Maharashtra, India, using nutrient agar (Hi-Media) under aerobic conditions. Pure cultures were lyophilized and preserved at 4 u C. Morphological properties such as cell shape, cell size and motility were observed by phase-contrast light microscopy (BH-2; Olympus). The pH and temperature ranges for growth were examined in nutrient broth. Salt tolerance tests...

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, phototrophic bacterium, strain JA793T , was isolated from rhizosphere soil of paddy. The strain was capable of growing phototrophically and chemotrophically. Bacteriochlorophyll-a and carotenoids of the spirilloxanthin series were present as photosynthetic pigments. The major fatty acid of strain JA793 T was C 18 : 1 v7c/C 18 : 1 v6c(.65.7 %), with minor amounts of C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1 v7c/C 16 : 1 v6c, C 20 : 2 v6,9c, C 16 : 0 3-OH, C 14 : 0 and C 18 : 0 also present. Ubiquinone-10 and rhodoquinone-10 were present as primary quinones. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were the major polar lipids, while minor amounts of amino lipids and unidentified lipids were also present.

Two strains (JA746 T and JA756 T ) having yellowish brown-to-green pigment were isolated from a solar saltern and a pink pond, respectively. While both strains were non-motile and shared the presence of bacteriochlorophyll-a, major cellular fatty acids (C 18 : 1 v7c, C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 0 ), quinone (Q-10), polar lipids and hopanoids, they differed from each other in their carotenoid composition. as the type strains of two novel species of the genus Rhodovulum, for which the names Rhodovulum salis sp. nov. and Rhodovulum viride sp. nov. are proposed, respectively.

Hopanoids are pentacyclic triterpenoid lipids and are important for bacterial membrane stability and functioning. These pentacyclic triterpenoids of hopane series are biomarkers for eubacteria and can be used as chemotaxonomic markers. Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are good producers of hopanoids, and their inventory to date is restricted to a few members. Rhodoplanes spp. are phototrophic prokaryotes which grow and thrive in subsurface and sediment environments. A study on the diversity of hopanoids of several species of Rhodoplanes revealed a rich diversity of hopanoids with carbon length of C30/C31 and C35. Hop-22(29)-ene (II), diplopterol (V), tetrahymanol (VII), 2-methyldiplopterol (VI), 2-methyltetrahymanol (VIII), bacteriohopanetetrol (IX), bacteriohopaneaminotriol (X) and bacteriohopanepolyols [BHP-492 (XIII), BHP-550 (XIV), BHP-508 (XII)] are the major hopanoids of the genus Rhodoplanes. Tetrahymanol (VII) content is high (38-60 %) among all the members, except for Rhodoplanes elegans. Hopanoid fingerprints allowed differentiation of species of the genus Rhodoplanes. Statistical analyses also indicate hopanoids as good chemotaxonomic markers to distinguish species of the genus Rhodoplanes.