The retention and tissue distribution of 210Pb were studied in 10-day-old, 150-day-old, and adult monkeys. Lead-210 nitrate was administered to the monkeys by gavage after a 12 hr fast and 210Pb excreted in urine and feces was monitored for 96 hr. All monkeys were necropsied 96 hr after dosing and the 210Pb concentrations of various tissues was determined. The data demonstrated that infant monkeys retained 64.5 and 69.8% of the orally administered 210Pb at 10 and 150 days of age, respectively, while adult monkeys retained 3.2% of the 210Pb dose. Blood 210Pb levels 96 hr after dosing did not vary significantly between age groups. Of the 210Pb contained in blood, 98-99% was found in blood cells and 1-2% in blood plasma; 5-8% of the Pb in blood cells was bound to blood cell membranes. None of these parameters varied significantly with age. The percentage of the lead dose excreted in urine did not vary significantly between age groups. Analysis of tissues for 210Pb revealed that both the tissue Pb concentrations and tissue Pb:blood Pb ratios were significantly higher in the bone structure of infants than adults. Brain Pb:blood Pb ratios were significantly greater in 10-day-old infants than 150-day-old infants or adults.

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Background: Morbidly adherent placenta is often associated with major pregnancy complications requiring massive blood transfusions, peripartum hysterectomy, etc. The prior number of caesarean sections and placenta previa are the critical risk factors. The aim of this study is to evaluate the fetomaternal outcome in women with morbidly adherent placenta and to quantify the risk factors predisposing to it.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. The study population comprises women, who had C-section for placenta accreta, increta and percreta at Government Raja Mirasudhar Hospital, Thanjavur from May 2016 to September 2017.Results: Eighteen women out of 21,083 who delivered during the study period had morbidly adherent placenta with an incidence of 0.085%. The mean gestational age at the time of C-section was 32.4 weeks. Twelve (66.66%) out of eighteen women had prior one C-section, two (11.11%) women had prior 2 C-section and two (11.11%) women had prior 3 C-section.10 cases were diagnosed antenatally by radiological imaging. Seventeen out of eighteen women underwent caesarean hysterectomy (94.44%). Average blood loss was 1.8 litres. The mean intraoperative blood transfusions were 3 units of PRBC, 3 units of FFP and 1.4 units of platelet. There was no maternal mortality. The average total hospital stay was 20.46 days. 11 neonates were preterm (61%) and 5 neonates were term (27.74%). FGR was seen in 2 preterm neonates (12.5%). The NICU admission rate was 81% (n=13). The perinatal mortality rate was 31.25% (n=5).Conclusions: As most of the women ended up in caesarean hysterectomy, early diagnosis will enable appropriate planning for blood components, anaesthetic and surgical resources, thereby reducing adverse fetomaternal outcomes. This will also allow adequate preoperative counselling of the women involved.

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the leading and unpredictable causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study was done to find the association between location of placenta and the development of preeclampsia as well as its correlation with severity of preeclampsia.Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in government medical college hospital, Pudukottai, Tamil Nadu, India between March 2021 to December 2021. The 150 pregnant women were registered in this study. The location of the placenta was determined by ultrasound at 18-24 weeks. The placenta was classified as central and lateral. The endpoint of the study was the development of hypertension or delivery.Results: The incidence of preeclampsia was 32%. Primigravida was a significant high-risk factor. Preeclampsia was more common in 20-25 years (52.1%). Among 48 women who developed preeclampsia, 32 had lateral location of placenta and 16 had central location of placenta. Lateral location of placenta in predicting preeclampsia, p<0.0001, which is clinically significant. Lateral location of placenta has high incidence of both severe 66.7% and non-severe preeclampsia 67.6%. The sensitivity-66.6%, specificity-78.4%, positive predictive value-59.2%, negative predictive value-83.3% and the likelihood ratio of 3.09 of our study are significant.Conclusions: This study shows that placental location determined by ultrasonogram between 18-24 weeks of gestation is an excellent screening tool for the prediction of pre-eclampsia. Lateral placentation helps to identify who are at greatest risk and those requiring careful obstetric management to achieve a more favourable outcome and to decrease the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality with preeclampsia.

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