O manejo de inverno e inoculação de sementes influenciam na produtividade e qualidade da silagem de milho sob sistema plantio direto 1 O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de resíduos culturais, de doses de nitrogênio e da inoculação de sementes com Azospirillum brasilense sobre os componentes de rendimento e de qualidade da silagem de milho, sob sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, sendo os tratamentos distribuídos em um fatorial com diferentes resíduos culturais de trigo, cevada e aveia preta (cultivares Fundacep Horizonte, Quartzo, Mirante, Campo Real, BRS Cauê, MN 743 e Moreninha), doses de nitrogênio (0; 88,59 e 177,18 kg de N ha -1 ) e presença e ausência de inoculação com A. brasilense. Foram avaliados os componentes de produtividade e a qualidade bromatológica do produto ensilado. Os resíduos culturais e as doses de nitrogênio não influenciaram a produtividade de grãos. A silagem do milho cultivado após a cultura da cevada apresentou valores de fibra em detergente neutro inferiores ao milho cultivado após as culturas do trigo e da aveia preta. A aplicação de 177,18 kg de N ha -1 incrementou em pelo menos 2,13 e 2,18 Mg ha -1 a massa seca de silagem do milho cultivado, respectivamente, após a cultura da cevada e da aveia preta. A cobertura do solo com a cultura da aveia (cultivar moreninha) no inverno melhora a qualidade bromatológica da silagem de milho. A inoculação com A. brasilense incrementa a produtividade de grãos, porém, não influencia o teor de proteína da silagem do milho.Palavras-chave: Azospirillum brasilense; adubação nitrogenada; cobertura do solo; Zea mays L.The purpose of this study was to assess crop residue effects, nitrogen doses, and inoculation of seeds with Azospirillum brasilense concerning yield and corn silage quality using direct planting system. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Santa Maria -RS, Brazil. A randomized block design approach was used and treatments were distributed in a factor analysis with different crop residues (cultivars Fundacep Horizonte, Quartzo, Mirante, Campo Real, BRS Cauê, MN 743, and Moreninha), nitrogen doses (0; 88.59, and 177.18 kg de N ha -1 ), and presence and absence of inoculation with A. brasilense. Productivity and bromatological quality of the silage product were assessed. Crop residues and nitrogen doses did not influence grain productivity. After barley crop, corn silage presented lower neutral detergent fiber values in relation to maize grown after wheat and black oat crops. The dose of 177.18 kg N ha -1 increased silage dry mass of corn at least by 2.13 and 2.18 Mg ha -1 , respectively, after barley and black oat crops. The soil cover with an oat crop (cv. Moreninha) in winter improves the bromatological quality of corn silage. Inoculation with A. brasilense increases grain yield, but does not influence the protein content of corn silage.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytomorphological parameters of soybean in a crop-livestock system inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. The experiment was conducted in Santa Maria, Brazil, for two agricultural years (

The practice of soybean seed inoculation cannot exceed the 24-hour prior to sowing. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of inoculation and co-inoculation of osmoprotectant soybean seeds, performed at different times of sowing. The experiments were conducted during two crop seasons at "sandy clay loam Acrisol" and "Cfa climate" in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. The experimental design consisted of completely randomized blocks with four replications. Nine distinct treatments of seeds inoculation were carried out with bacteria of the genus Bradyrhizobium were inoculated alone (conventional inoculation) or combined with Azospirillum brasilense (co-inoculation), associated with the use of osmoprotectants. The components of nodulation, leaf chlorophyll, plant growth and grain yield were evaluated. The number of nodules and pods per plant are the variables most correlated with grain yield. Number of grains per pod, mass of thousand grains, and A, B and total chlorophyll content were not influenced by inoculation, co-inoculation and nitrogen fertilization. All treatments that used osmoprotectant had an increased 30% (in the first year) at average number of nodules in V5 compared to the treatments that did not use it. Co-inoculation provided an increase of 31% and 16% of yield, respectively, compared to the no-inoculation treatment, for the first and second experimental years. Inoculation and co-inoculation when carried out seven days before sowing and associated with the use of the osmoprotector, provides grain yield similar to the inoculation performed at the time of sowing.

The objective of this research was to verify the association of stimulators and biofertilizers with the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense for wheat crop. Two experiments were carried out in which the mode and time of inoculation of A. brasilense bacteria were varied and different associations of growth stimulator and biofertilizer were tested. Number of plants per square meter, number of spikes per square meter, plant height, number of spikelets per plant, number of grains per spike, one thousand grain mass, hectoliter mass, and grain yield were evaluated. The association of A. brasilense with stimulators influenced grain yield. The use of stimulators in the seeds differed from the control in the variable “plant height”, where the inoculated plants presented 2 to 3 cm in relation to the plants without inoculation. The use of A. brasilense associated