The article summarizes the literature data on the provision of the needs of the birds organism to vital or essential trace elements. It is indicated that taking into account the high intensity of growth of broiler chickens, it is important for them to provide not only high-grade protein nutrition but also the creation of a suitable mineral balance. The importance of the natural geochemical environment for the normal growth and development of the bird organism is determined by the possibility of using biogenic chemical elements and their mixtures, through which it is possible to achieve a certain normalization of the basic and intermediate metabolism and to replenish the diet of scarce microelements. The need for animals in the microelements are provided at the expense of their receipt with food and water. In the west region of Ukraine, Iron, Copper, Cobalt, Manganese and Zinc are limiting microelements and their content in feed does not provide the daily requirement for stimulating the growth and development of chicken-broilers in order to enrich the feedstuffs with scarce biometals, as a rule,use salts of various chemical compounds (sulfates, carbonates, chlorides, oxides). However, they are less effective in comparison with microelements in organic form. It is stated that that methionates, glicinates or lysates of microelements affect more effectively metabolic processes. As an alternative to the use of antibiotics in poultry farming. It is promising to use nanoacqualates of biogenic and biocidal metals that can not only to counter the intestinal microflora, but also to stimulate assimilation processes in the body of the bird. Feature of the action of the organic form of the complex of trace elements, madeon the basis of nanotechnology is the ability of various particles of biometals located in a solution or a suspension in the form of atoms, electrons and even smaller particles, to exhibit the same properties that are characteristic of electrons in the classical physical aspect. The positive effect of trace elements in nano-aqua form is manifested as a result of synergy a combination of nonspecific biophysical activation and specific stimulation of the flow metabolic reactions in the bird organism. The article gives a number of positive ones results on the use of nanocarticles, both individual bioelements and their complex for the purpose of intensification of digestive processes in the body of broilers, assimilation nutrient feed, which ultimately reflects on productive qualities bird.

The article is a generalization of the literature on the impact fn the iodine om  a birds, depending on the amount in the diet. In particular, we show that lack of iodine in the body of animals with food and water leads to metabolic disorders, the development of organs and body systems, weakening the function of the reproductive organs and the body's resistance to infection, resulting disruption of the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency is characterized by the development of secondary immunodeficiency, which manifests a high propensity to disease. This weak immune response correlated with impaired thyroid function. The absorption of bioelements may affect the availability of natural feed goitrogenes. However, it is shown that an excess of cobalt, iron, boron, manganese poultry diets may correlate with the biosynthesis of thyroid and promote the development of endemic goiter. Noted features integrated application of iodine with other trace elements, as well as the need for admission with food vitamin A. From the standpoint of modern scientific research proved that the metabolism of iodine and selenium are closely related and can affect each other manifestations of deficiency of essential bioelements. Shown that excess of iodine in laying hens, reduced their egg production and average egg weight in breeding poultry hatching degrade the quality of the eggs. Permanent, but reduced vitellogenesis that continues for a period of excess consumption of iodine and inhibiting ovulation is associated with the formation of progesterone violation largest follicle, resulting in blocked signal for preovulatory allocation of luteinizing hormone, which leads to the cessation of egg. Excess iodine in the diet inhibits puberty young male and female  birds. Thus, there is a reverse chronological relationship between feeding forages with high iodine content and the expected time of puberty. According to a toxic level of iodine in the diet, the liver bird aminotransferase increased activity and blood – alkaline phosphatase, decreased phagocytic activity of neutrophils. Thus, the deficit and surplus iodine leads to metabolic disorders, reproductive functions of animals and birds and lost productivity.

In the process of ontogenetic development chickens determined appropriate age periods characterized by inhibition of metabolism. These changes are most clearly observed changes during the primary feathers on second (main), and at the age preceding puberty and lead to lower projected laying hens. Therefore there is a need for correction of metabolic processes in the body of young birds by using biologically active substances.The results of studies on the efficiency in feeding of young chickens egg productive direction sulfate and polyenzyme drug «Natuzym». It is shown that in comparison with those of control group in poultry, the introduction into the diet of chickens egg productive direction cross «Hayseks brown» Sodium Sulphate with 10 days old and polyenzyme drug «Natuzym» of 20– to 40–day and 80–110 –days age led to an increase in average daily increments calves and body weight at the beginning of entry of birds. The positive effect of additives on the performance puberty of birds. The difference between age of first egg demolished bird control and experimental groups of four days. Later chickens experimental group also characterized higher ripening indicators such as age reaching 50% egg age and achieve peak performance. In particular, the difference of analog control group was 2 days. Was higher and egg chickens 18.53 pc. eggs per laying hen high. In this group of bird egg shell weight and his strength were higher compared with those in the control, respectively, 9.23% and 9.26% (P <0.05). However, biological and food quality was improving of eggs obtained by increasing the content of carotenoids, vitamins A and E (P <0.05) and soluble protein (P <0.001)

Humic acids are characterized by chelating properties due to which they are able to influence the mineral metabolism in animals. Rabbits have species-specific characteristics of mineral metabolism, which distinguishes them from most species of mammals. For the experiment, 16 rabbits of 45-day-old of Hyplus breed were divided into the experimental and control group of 8 rabbits in each. The animals were 15 days in the preparatory period. The rabbits of the experimental group received humic acid additive individually with water in the amount of 5 mg/kg, the rabbits of the control group received pure water in the same amount. The ability of humic acid additive to increase the content of calcium, ionized calcium, iron, to correct the content of copper and zinc, and also to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum of rabbits of the experimental group has been proved. We observed the early effect of the humic acid additive on increasing the content of iron and calcium ionized and a later effect on the activity of alkaline phosphatase and an increase in the content of copper in the blood serum. The influence of humic acid additive on the distribution of calcium, phosphorus, manganese, copper and zinc in bone tissue is determined. According to a histological study, there was a significant increase in the number of layers of osteons and osteoblasts in the bone tissue of the femur, an increase in the number of osteons and osteoblasts in the bone tissue of the sternum and an increase in the number of columns of chondrocytes and an increase in the number of chondrocytes in the column in the cartilaginous tissue of the sternum. The results of a histological study of bone tissue, together with an increase in structural macroelements in it and redistribution of osteotropic trace elements in the blood and bone tissue suggest the possibility of using a humic acid additive to intensify the growth and mineralization of bone tissue, which can improve the state of bone tissue of rabbits in the postnatal period ontogenesis.

The article is a summary of the literature on the main aspects of the modern bird feeding system. Theoretical aspects and results of experimental research of scientists on the substantiation of parameters of protein and amino acid nutrition are given, which is an important factor that, under appropriate conditions can significantly guarantee the realization of the genetic potential of corresponding breeds and crosses of poultry. It is shown that an important aspect of protein nutrition is the ratio of feed amino acids. Their negative interaction can be caused by a deficiency of one or more amino acids, an imbalance between them, antagonism, and toxicity. This is accompanied by effects on various physiological and biochemical processes, significantly affects appetite, intestinal absorption, renal reabsorption and transport of amino acids, their catabolism, rate of protein decomposition, synthesis, and formation of toxic metabolic products. The data show that the required level of energy for the bird's body is provided by carbohydrates (mainly of plant origin) and lipids (fat supplements of various origins). It is noted that lipids promote the absorption, transport, and deposition of fat-soluble vitamins. The effectiveness of using fat supplements as energy depends on their source. At the same time, among the indispensable nutrients that have a significant impact on growth intensity, reproductive quality, poultry productivity, and biological value of products, an important role is played by macro-and micronutrients. Many researchers emphasize that along with the use of traditional feeds in poultry feeding, the possibilities of non-traditional cereals rich in protein and lipids are not fully used. A limiting factor in their use is the presence in their composition of anti-nutrients contained in many feeds. Once in the digestive tract of animals, they negatively affect the absorption of feed nutrients. In most cases, the consumption of such feed by animals is manifested in growth retardation, increased feed consumption, hormonal effects, and, less frequently, in the dysfunction of certain organs.