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Undernutrition in children is an important problem of health care due to negative impact on the development of an organism and increase of global morbidity and mortality..Objective. To assess the clinical manifestations and food intake of children with undernutrition.Patients and methods. Four hundred and thirty-one children with undernutrition aged 1 month to 17 years and 11 months (the median of age is 7 [2.5; 13] years), boys – 238 (55.2 %), girls – 193 (44.8 %), were examined. All children underwent anthropometry using Z-Score values by WHO criteria (WHO Anthro and Anthro plus programs). Specialized centile tables were used with subsequent conversion of the obtained indicators into sigma deviations Z-Score in children with genetic syndromes. Undernutrition was registered in children with body mass index (BMI) by age Z-Score ≤ –1, the stunting was diagnosed with growth by age Z-Score ≤-2. Assessment of food intake at home was underwent in 199 children by recording and accounting for weighted food.Results. Mild undernutrition was diagnosed in 175 (40.6 %) children, moderate – in 127 (29.5 %), severe – in 129 (29.9 %) children. Severe undernutrition (43.2 % and 38.9 %) was most often registered in the age groups of 11–14 years and 15–17 years. The stunting was observed in 116 (26.9 %) children. The onset of malnutrition was revealed in three-quarters of children before the age of 1 year. The analysis of food intake revealed hypocaloric diet in 153 (76.9 %) patients, normocaloric diet in 32 (16.1 %) and hypercaloric diet in 14 (7 %) patients. Deficiency of protein, fat and carbohydrate intake was registered in 38.7, 72.4, 78.4 % cases, respectively, by assessment of macronutrient composition of the diet in children with undernutrition.Conclusion. Most children had mild undernutrition. Severe undernutrition was revealed significantly more often in patients of older age groups. Сhildren with undernutrition need early correction of the diet and appointment of nutritional support due to decrease in the energy intake in 76.9 % of children and the imbalance in macronutrients

Objective. To assess nutritional status of children with undernutrition without chronic diseases.Patients and methods. Eighty one children without chronic diseases and with undernutrition aged 3 months to 17 years and 2 months, 41 boys (50.6 %), 40 girls (49.4 %), were examined. The anthropometry was assessed by WHO criteria. The complete blood count (n = 69), blood biochemistry (n = 62), insulin level and vitamin status were examined. Bioelectric impedance analysis (n = 58) and indirect respiratory calorimetry (n = 28) were performed. The food intake was assessed in 28 patients.Results. Mild undernutrition was diagnosed in 35 (43.2 %) children, moderate - in 30 (37 %), severe - in 16 (19,8 %) children. The stunting (Z-score height to age < -2) was revealed in 3 (3,7 %) children. Anemia was found in 4 (5.8 %) children, absolute lymphopenia - in 2 (2.9 %), hypoproteinemia in 8 (12.9 %), hypoalbuminemia - in 1 (1.5 %), hypocholesterolemia - in 7 (11.3 %), hypercholesterolemia - in 6 (9.7 %) children. None of children had hypoglycemia. Insulin was decreased in 9 (15.5 %) children. Deficiency of vitamin D was found in 11 (13.6 %) patients. Decrease of fat mass was found in 52 (89,7 %) patients, muscle mass - in 42 (72.4 %), active cell mass - in 18 (31 %), protein - in 37 (63.8 %), minerals - in 41 (70.7 %), total body water - in 36 (62.1 %) patients. Decrease of the phase angle (<4.4) was recorded in 13 (22,4 %) children. Resting energy expenditure was normal in 12 (42,8 %) patients. Carbohydrate oxidation rate was decreased in 20 (71,4 %) children, fat oxidation rate was increased in 15 (53,6 %), protein oxidation rate was normal in 15 (53,6 %) children. The food intake was characterized by low energy intake in 21 (75 %) children. Deficiency of protein, fat and carbohydrate intake were found in 42.9, 60.7 and 82.1 % patients, respectively. Low energy intake due to all macronutrients deficiency was revealed in 35.7 % children.Conclusion. Most children with undernutrition without chronic diseases have a decrease in fat and muscle body components, low energy value of diet and imbalance of macronutrients. Changes in resting metabolism were also revealed.