Аннотация. Устьевая область р. Дон является наиболее вовлеченным в хозяйственную деятель-ность районом Нижнего Дона с интенсивным развитием морского и речного транспорта. Колебания уровня воды, вызываемые различными факторами, оказывают существенное влияние на судоходство в данном регионе. В этой связи решение проблемы прогнозирования уровня на различных участках русла в зависимости от расходов воды в реке и уровня воды в принимающем водоеме представляется своевременной и актуальной задачей.В работе описана математическая модель неустановившегося течения в дельтовой части Дона. Мо-дель основана на уравнениях Сен-Венана, которые решаются конечно-разностными методами с ис-пользованием неявных схем. Для расчета уровня свободной поверхности русла был выбран устьевый участок р. Дон от второго узла дельты (исток рукава Каланча) до станицы Раздорская. Калибровка предлагаемой модели произведена с использованием данных статистической обработки натурных наблюдений. Приведены результаты численного расчета уровня водной поверхности в зависимости от расходов воды и величины сгонов и нагонов. Сравнение результатов расчета с наблюдавшимися дан-ными и значениями, полученными ранее другими авторами, показывает, что предлагаемая методика расчета более эффективна. Приведены результаты расчетов двух сценариев колебания уровня воды. Рассмотрено влияние строительства плотины Багаевского гидроузла на морфометрию реки.Ключевые слова: неустановившееся течение, математическая модель, вычислительный эксперимент, сгонно-нагонные явления. Abstract. The mouth area of the Don is the region of the Lower Don that is most involved in economic activity, where intensive development of sea and river transport is noted. Fluctuations in the water level caused by various factors have a significant impact on navigation in the area. In that context, the problem solution of forecasting the position of the level at different intervals of the riverbed, depending on the water flow in the river and the water level in the receiving reservoir, seems to be a timely and urgent task. WIND-DRIVEN WATER LEVEL VARIATION OF THE MOUTHThe paper describes a mathematical model of unsteady flow in the delta part of the Don. The model is based on the Saint-Venant equations, which are solved by finite-difference methods using implicit schemes. To calculate the level of the free surface of the bed, the estuary section of the lower Don was selected from the second node of the Don delta (the source of the Kalancha sleeve) to the village of Razdorskaya. The proposed model is calibrated using statistical processing of field observations. The results of the numerical calculation of 1 Институт аридных зон Южного научного центра Российской академии наук (Institute of Arid Zones, Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation), Российская Федерация, 344006, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пр. Чехова, 41,
Aim. Are considered the issues of distribution, the current state, and some ecological peculiarities of the Eurasian beaver Castor fiber in the Rostov region in the south of their range. Methods. The materials presented in the study were collected predominantly in the spring-summer months, based on the information from hunting specialists. Was used the method of counting the number of inhabited settlements. Was also considered the confinement of the animal to certain stations, as well as to the width of the river bed. Results. Over the past two decades, this species has significantly expanded its distribution in the region and settled along the right bank of the Don River up to its mouth. Currently, the number of beavers in the Rostov region is estimated at over 2300 individuals. At the same time, the overwhelming majority of them inhabit the administrative regions located in the north of the region and are more connected with the rivers of Seversky Donets, Kalitva, Chir, the middle course of the Don River. Conclusion. In the Rostov region, the beaver demonstrates the main elements of occupying the territories, which is expressed in the prevalence of construction of burrows over the construction of huts, as well as the absence of dams and canals. In the near future, there is a probable increase in the density of the population of the beaver in the lower reaches of the Don, as well as the colonization of the rivers of the northern part of the Azov Sea.
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