No abstract

Аннотация. Рассмотрены направления повышения эколого-экономической эффективности перерабатывающих предприятий агропромышленного комплекса на основе экологического мониторинга. Существующие проблемы обеспечения экологической безопасности перерабатывающей промышленности АПК во многом связаны с отсутствием информации о различных источниках и видах загрязнения. Также не менее остро стоит вопрос доступности информации о накопленном экологическом ущербе, который был вызван прошлой деятельностью предприятий пищевой и перерабатывающей промышленности агропромышленного комплекса. В результате эта отрасль сельского хозяйства наносит серьезный ущерб окружающей среде, а также ее экономической эффективности. Для решения этих проблем предлагается использовать экологический мониторинг в качестве инструмента, позволяющего эффективного решить ряд экологических и экономических проблем на основе информации о различных типах загрязнения и более быстрого реагирования на различные виды экологических опасностей. Разработка проектов и программ, основанных на краткосрочном и долгосрочном прогнозировании возможных экологических отклонений, в деятельности перерабатывающих предприятий агропромышленного комплекса, позволит реализовать ресурсосберегающие проекты на данных предприятиях. Экологический мониторинг на перерабатывающих предприятиях агропромышленного комплекса будет иметь важное значение для предотвращения, минимизации или полного устранения негативного воздействия на окружающую среду предприятий такого типа на окружающую среду. Развитие системы экологического мониторинга на перерабатывающих предприятиях агропромышленного комплекса позволит привлечь дополнительные инвестиционные ресурсы в этой сфере, обеспечив прозрачность природоохранных мероприятий. В результате развития экологического мониторинга на предприятиях по переработке сельхозпродукции станет возможным модернизировать существующую производственную базу перерабатывающих предприятий агропромышленного комплекса с учетом экологически ориентированного технологического уклада.

The issues of ensuring the environmental safety of the functioning of the processing industry in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, on the basis of economic mechanisms, are considered. The high level of resource use in the processing of agricultural products contributes to environmental pollution, reduces the competitiveness of the industry, increases the level of costs. A rather large deterioration and obsolescence of the equipment of the processing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex does not allow for the environmentally safe processing of agricultural products. Of particular concern are enterprises of the meat processing industry, which produce waste, which creates an unfavorable sanitary and epidemiological situation in the regions. In this regard, it is necessary to develop such a system of economic incentives for the implementation of resource-saving projects of the processing industry enterprises in the agro-industrial complex, which would improve the environmental and economic efficiency of the studied industry. Given the high capital investment in modern resource-saving equipment, it is advisable to pay attention to the sources of funding for these projects on a preferential basis. Among the measures for the economic stimulation of projects for the processing of agricultural products by the industrial method, the article proposes both credit and financial instruments, including preferential loans and leasing, and preferential taxation, and an environmental fee. In order to stimulate projects for the acquisition of resource-saving equipment in the processing of agricultural products, it is proposed to use such an effective tool as accelerated depreciation, which allows manufacturers to reduce costs when replacing old equipment with more modern ones. In order to increase risk management efficiency, when implementing projects for industrial processing of agricultural products, it is proposed to use public-private partnership tools that minimize risks, including environmental ones, due to their redistribution between participants, based on such forms as delegation of management and concessions.

No abstract

The problems of ensuring environmental safety of the enterprises of food and processing industry of agroindustrial complex on the basis of the stimulating economic tools are considered. Need of attraction of investments into the sphere of modernization of the equipment as the outdated equipment is not capable to ensure environmental safety of technological processes at the enterprises of food and processing industry is proved in article. In this regard the possibility of involvement of both the state, and private institutes to a problem of increase in environmental efficiency of processing of agricultural products is considered. Special attention is paid to such modern tool as public-private partnership at implementation of nature protection projects in food and processing industry of agrarian and industrial complex. Use of this tool will allow not to increase investment attractiveness of projects on modernization of fixed assets in the food industry, but also will significantly reduce their risks due to effective management of them on the basis of optimum redistribution between participants. The state support will consist in implementation of various projects and programs and also compensation actions. Private structures will be able to get access to modern ecologically safe technologies on favorable terms. For the purpose of attraction of financial resources in projects on introduction of the modern equipment at the enterprises of food and processing industry of agro-industrial complex it is offered to use preferential crediting which will provide to investors additional incentives. Development of insurance tools at implementation of nature protection projects in food and processing industry will allow to minimize risks of inverters and to warn the probability of approach of adverse events, including ecological. Use of preferential taxation, in turn, will allow to reduce taxable base that will also favorably affect investment attractiveness of ecological projects in food and processing industry.