The article focuses on the economic sanctions theory development in the modern global economy. The content of the economic sanctions theory and practice transformation under the influence of internationalization and globalization of markets for goods and services is disclosed. The study analyzes the economic content of sanctions. The goals and grounds for imposing sanctions are defined. The authors classify the types and forms of economic sanctions applied in the modern global economy. The conditions for achieving an impact of economic sanctions are formulated. The attempt is made to assess the economic efficiency of sanctions and their counter-sanction measures. The losses and consequences, both for the countries imposing the sanctions and for countries under pressure, are identified. Factors affecting the distribution of losses from the imposition of economic sanctions are disclosed. The main directions of the economic sanctions content and application practice transformation in the global economy are identified.

Abstract. Introduction. The problem of sustainable food supply is connected with the optimisation of the distribution of food flows and determined by the quantity of food in terms of per capita consumption, energy value and availability of nutrients. The purpose of the article is to develop a logistics model of sustainable food supply in the region and test it on the example of Saratov region of Russia. Methods. In the process of economic-mathematical modelling, the authors used econometric and logistics methods. Results. The article describes the authors' approach to building local food systems. A two-level model of demand for food products was substantiated. The conducted calculations of the indicators of sustainability of the local food systems of Saratov region for the most important types of food products show that three local food systems centred in towns of Kalininsk, Novouzensk and Ershov are fully food self-sufficient. The local food systems of the towns of Volsk, Balashov and Balakovo have difficulties in the matters of self-sufficiency in meat products; and the local food systems of the city of Saratov and the town of Engels have to import meat and milk in order to have quality and sustainable provision of the population with such products. Conclusions. The use of the logistics approach allows us to develop a universal algorithm for the assessment of the overall sustainability of food supply of the region, consider the impact of transportation costs on food consumption by the population, substantiate the rational logistics and delivery routes of agricultural production for its further processing, which will increase the overall sustainability of food supply in a particular region.

Саратовский государственный аграрный университет имени Н.И. Вавилова НЕЙФЕЛЬД Василий Вольдемарович, Саратовский государственный аграрный университет имени Н.И. Вавилова Необходимость управления земельными ресурсами в складывающихся социально-экономических условиях требует широкого применения геоинформационных систем в создании единого информационного поля в сфере сельского хозяйства. Внедрение цифровых технологий в процесс управления агропромышленным комплексом позволит повысить качество управления отраслью на макро-и микроуровнях, увеличить общую доходность сельхозпроизводства и в итоге улучшить инвестиционную привлекательность отрасли. В статье рассматривается эффективность осуществления мониторинга земель сельскохозяй ственного назначения правобережных районов Саратовской области на основе применения цифровых технологий.

The authors consider the relevance of import substitution and the need for its theoretical justification. This is followed by a summary of international experience of implementing import substitution policy at the macrolevel, based on the national theories. The paper examines approaches to the definition of import substitution and classifies them according to the procedural and structural principle. Based on the analysis of the most accessible data sources, the authors give their own definition of the concept, considering specific industry characteristics. The study provides a general mathematical formulation of diversified import substitution in the agro-industrial complex based on all its three main spheres (production of means of production, agriculture, processing industry). The authors define import substitution policy in the agrarian sector of economy and highlight its special features. To form a theoretical basis for further modeling, the authors allocate different types of import substitution and highlight the need to develop a methodological basis of accounting for import substitution as a process with the elaboration of narrowbranch indicators based on the example of food balance sheets.

The aim of this article is the improvement of the theoretical bases and the development of a scientifically grounded approach balancing the food supply from the economic and the practical application for a complex social and economic assessment of development of the food sphere as a whole. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the process of research the authors' approach was used to consider the balance of food supply from the position of three structural and consistently interrelated elements-phenomena, process and state. The authors' interpretation of each element is given, the method of their evaluation is developed, based on the structural division of indicators into balanced ones, exceeding the level of balance and being below the specified level. These indicators are differentiated into 7 functional groups (from the minimum to the maximum degree of balance). Findings: The result is a comparative assessment of the level of balance of food supply in the UK, France, Czech Republic, Latvia and Russia and the definition on its basis of priority directions of development of agriculture in each of the allocated states. Practical Implications: The results of the work can be used by governing bodies to make specific practical decisions in the food sector, and to adjust the directions of its development. Originality/Value: Materials of the article are original and have not been previously published. The calculations were based on official data from the European Statistical Agency, Eurostat and the Federal State Statistics Service of Russia, which indicates the reliability of the presented scientific materials.