The purpose of this work is to obtain and evaluate the fertilizing ability of the clay-nitrogen mixture. The relevance of the research lies in studying issues related to the minimization of nitrogen losses when producing the clay-nitrogen fertilizer, the transformation of nitrogen from fertilizer into the soil, and the effectiveness of fertilization when growing barley. The data on the content of nitrate nitrogen (250,986 mg/kg) and the total one (5.0%) indicate the effective binding of nitric acid by clay. The fertilizer can be considered potassium-containing, since the content of mobile and total potassium is respectively 1,250 mg/kg and 0.20%. Mobile phosphorus in the fertilizer is low compared to potassium (76 mg/kg), although the total pool is twice as large (0.45%). The content of the gross form of copper (8.9 mg/kg) and zinc (9.5 mg/kg) corresponded to the MPC.

The general state of fertility should be assessed by at least two groups of parameters: dynamic (mobile nutrients, acidity) and constitutional direct - mineralogical, granulometric, organic and chemical composition, as well as constitutional indirect - cation exchange capacity (CEC), sorption capacity, buffering capacity. The purpose of the research is to study and evaluate some of the constitutional parameters of the fertility of the experimental agro-gray soil. The humus content in the soil (2%) corresponds to the minimum permissible level. The soil has a low value of the sum of exchangeable bases (7-8 mmol / 100 g of soil), which is 2 times less than the cultivated analogue. In the soil, the share of free HAs increased to 11.5-14.0% (abs.) And the content of HAs not associated with calcium decreased to 24.3-28.1%. In the mineral part of the thin soil fraction of agro-gray soil 1-5 microns in size in the 0-20 cm layer, the content of functionally inert minerals is 63% in total. The number of valuable mixed-layer formations increases with depth. To compensate for the loss of clay fractions, cover loam enriched in nitrate forms of nitrogen can be used. The experimental product contains about 2.7% of total nitrogen, mobile and total potassium is 1250 mg / kg and 0.20%, respectively, ECO - 48 mg-eq / 100 g.

To understand all the structural complexity of soil fertility, one can use the principal component analysis of factor analysis. Factor analysis, with all its shortcomings to identify structural relationships between variables, can be used to understand the complexity of soil fertility, by some assumptions. It can be estimated through bonitet. The work was carried out on the basis of materials from an agrochemical survey of agro-gray soils. Exchangeable acidity, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, humus, the sum of exchangeable bases and bonitet calculated in accordance with them were analyzed. The sample number was 68. Group 0 included bonitet with values less than 90 units and group 1 had bonitet with values more than 90 units. It was found that the contribution of exchangeable acidity and phosphorus to the first main component, which accounted for about 39% of the total dispersion, was maximum and equal to 0.7 and 0.84 units, respectively. Humus and potassium were positively associated with the second component (29% of dispersion) and their contribution was 0.7 and 0.81 units, respectively.

The mineralogical composition of clay loamy agro-gray soil and the content of nutrient elements in the soil and its fractions were determined. This allowed estimating the nutrient supply and natural productivity of the soil. The long-term use of soils with the application of mineral and organic fertilizers affected the soil mineralogy: both aggradation and degradation processes were observed. The fertilizing system recommended for application to the agro-gray soil did not affect the crystal-chemical parameters of soil minerals. However, soil acidification and changes in the humus fractional composition towards increasing the content of fulvic acids show intensive degradation of soil minerals, which can lead to adverse consequences for soil fertility.

Цель исследований – методом дискриминантного анализа оценить вклад абиотических (почвенные условия, осадки) и биотических (сорняки) факторов в формировании урожайности зерновых культур. Урожайность является производной множества условий, проявляющихся в двух результирующих факторах – климатических и почвенных с подчинением классическим законам земледелия. Реализация продукционного процесса сельскохозяйственных растений, его гомеостатические возможности зависят не только от наличия ресурсов жизнеобеспечения, но и от их доступности для растения. Материальными носителями, обуславливающими доступность ресурсов в почве, являются различные компоненты, которые генерируют разнообразные связи внутри почвы и в формате почва - растение. Чтобы хоть как-то разобраться со всей сложностью явления формирования урожайности, необходимо применять методы многомерного статистического анализа, в частности, дискриминантный анализ. Минимальное значение продуктивности севооборотов, с экономической точки зрения, не должно составлять ниже 25-30 ц з.ед/га. Массив данных по урожайности зерновых культур был разбит на группу 1 (урожайность ниже 25-30 ц з. ед/га) и группу 2 (больше 25-30 ц з. ед/га). Всего было определено 180 комбинаций. Это стало возможным благодаря многолетнему опыту, заложенному Л.В. Ильиной по комплексному окультуриванию агросерой почвы с внедрением систем удобрений, обработки, севооборотов. Дискриминация между группами была значима. В процедуре дискриминации наиболее желательным является присутствие переменной «Сорняки» (соответствует наибольшее значение Уилкса Лямбда). На данный факт указывает также значение частной лямбды (характеризует единичный вклад), именно переменная «Сорняки» дает наибольший вклад, вторая переменная по значению вклада – «Калий». Скорее всего, ощутимый вклад сорняков обусловлен конкуренцией с их стороны за использование одних и тех же экологических ресурсов, которые необходимы и культурным растениям. За счет более эффективной организации экологической ниши сорная растительность снижает потенциал реализации климатических и погодных условий. The aim of the studies is to assess the contribution of abiotic (soil conditions, precipitation) and biotic (weed) factors in the formation of crop yields by discriminatory analysis. Yield is a derivative of the many conditions evident in the resulting two factors - climatic and soil with submission to the classical laws of farming. The realization of the production process of agricultural plants, its homeostatic capabilities depend not only on the availability of life support resources, but also on their availability for the plant. The material carriers that make resources available in the soil are various components that generate a variety of connections within the soil and in soil-plant format. The methods of multidimensional statistical analysis, in particular discriminant analysis, allow to understand at least all the complexity of the phenomenon of yield formation. From an economic point of view, the minimum productivity of crop rotation should not be lower than 30 c z. piece/hectare. The crop yield data array was divided into group 0 (yield below 25-30 c z. Unit/ha) and group 1 (more than 25-30 c z. piece/hectare). A total of 180 combinations were determined. This was made possible by the long-term experience laid down by L. V. Ilina on the complex culturing of grey forest soil with the introduction of fertilizer systems, treatment, crop rotation. Discrimination between groups was significant. The presence of the Weeds variable in the discrimination procedure is most desirable (corresponding to Wilkes lambda 's greatest value). This is also indicated by the value of the private lambda (characterizes the unit contribution), i.e. the variable "Weeds" gives the contribution more than all, the variable. "Potassium" is the second most important contribution. The significant contribution of weeds seems to be due to competition on their part for the use of the same environmental resources as cultural plants. Due to more efficient organization of ecological niche, weed vegetation reduces the potential for realization of climatic and weather conditions.