When recollection is difficult, people may use schematic processing to enhance memory. Two experiments showed that a delay between witnessing and recalling a visual sequence increases schematic processing, resulting in stereotypic memory errors. Participants watched a slide show of a man and a woman performing stereotype-consistent and stereotype-inconsistent actions, followed by an immediate or delayed memory test. Over a two-day delay, stereotype-inconsistent actions were increasingly misremembered as having been performed by the stereotype-consistent actor (Experiment 1). All the source errors increased, regardless of stereotype consistency, when the wrong actor was suggested. When we merely suggested that 'someone' performed an action (Experiment 2), only stereotype-consistent source errors were increased. Although visual scenes are typically well remembered, these results suggest that when memory fades, reliance on schemata increases, leading to increased stereotypic memory errors.In a classic study, Allport and Postman (1945) conducted a version of the 'telephone game', wherein participants were shown a picture of a White man on a bus, holding a switchblade and talking with a Black man. The first participant studied the picture and then described it to another person, beginning a chain of other participants who described the picture to each other in succession. After the description of the picture had been passed down the chain, the final participants often reported that the Black man was holding the switchblade. At least one falsely stated that he 'brandished it in a threatening manner'. This finding suggested that people use stereotypes when interpreting and later recollecting information. More recently, Plant and Peruche (2005) reported that, in a computer simulation, police officers were more likely to mistakenly shoot an unarmed Black suspect than an unarmed White suspect. This suggests that, when people make quick decisions, stereotypic knowledge is readily accessed and may guide action. In an effort to understand how this type of judgement error occurs, recent research has focused on identifying the cognitive mechanisms that lead to both racial and gender stereotyping, and how such stereotyping may impact recollection (Devine

Trifluorochloroethane (CF3CH2C1) was photolyzed at 147 and 123.6 nm in the presence and absence of nitric oxide. The effects of added CF4 were also studied. The quantum yields of molecular processes increase with decreasing wavelength. The quantum yield for FC1 elimination is small at 147 nm ( < 0.07) but becomes the major mode of photodecomposition at 123.6 nm ( = 0.38). Substantial hydrogen chloride elimination occurs at both wavelengths ( = 0.15-0.19) and hydrogen fluoride elimination is also observed. The results are interpreted in terms of the preferential formation of a Rydberg state as the photon energy increases.,

SummaryIt has been shown that the inhibition caused by heat treatment, of the primary phase of rennin action on casein micelles, is dependent on the presence of β-lactoglobulin. The degree of inhibition increased with increasing amounts of added β-lactoglobulin for both heated casein micelles and heated skim-milk to a constant value. The results are fully consistent with the hypothesis that the inhibition is caused by complex formation between β-lactoglobulin and κ-casein when milk is heated.

Investigation of the kinetics of the abstraction of primary and tertiary hydrogen atoms by chlorine atoms indicates that the presence of an inert gas (hexafluoroethane) has a marginal effect. Improved Arrhenius parameters have been derived for these reactions and parameters found for the fluoroethanes .

Chemical activation results from sixteen alkyl fluorides from n-propyl to 1 ,l,l-trifluoropropane have been treated by the RRKM theory. Critical energies for hydrogen halide elimination have been predicted from this treatment and compared where possible with thermal activation energies. Satisfactory agreement is obtained for a number of molecules. It is suggested that it is possible to predict critical energies for elimination from chemical activation results by this method. Alternatively known activation energies can be used to obtain information on the thermochemistry of the chemically activated molecules.