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The requirements for creating an efficient Artificial Blood Circulation System (ABCS) have been determined. A hierarchical three‐level adaptive control system is suggested for ABCS to solve the following problems: stabilization of the circulation conditions, left and right pump coordination, physiological control for maintaining a proper relation between the cardiac output and the level of gas exchange required for metabolism, and optimization of the system behavior. The adaptations to varying load and body parameters will be accomplished using the signals which characterize the real‐time computer‐processed values of correlations between the changes in hydraulic resistance of blood vessels, or the changes in aortic pressure, and the oxygen (or carbon dioxide) concentration.