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The adaptive approach taken here is fundamentally to set about minimizing the mean-square error between a reference signal and a second-order notch filter's output, but practical operating implications have led to some interesting supplementary minimization constraints. A cumulative-selection procedure likened to Darwinian evolution, in contrast to conventional deterministic and highly structured algorithms, guides the adaption. Excellent adaptivity has been achieved, 60th in static interference situations and when jumps in interference frequency are imposed.

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