Background: Differences in the geographical distributions of esophageal cancer (EC) are associated with environmental influences and genetic risk factors. The inhabitants of the Republic of Uzbekistan are at high-risk for EC; however, detailed epidemiological data regarding the dynamics of EC are not available. Methods: To address this gap in our knowledge, here we reviewed trends in the incidence of EC in Uzbekistan from 2000 through 2018. We acquired the epidemiological data for 17,144 patients with EC from the national epidemiological data base of Uzbekistan. Results: The mean incidence (per 100,000 persons) during the study period was 2.8, which peaked at 3.9 in 2007 and decreased below 2.5 in 2014 and thereafter. The incidence was highest for patients aged 61 years to 70 years (37.5%). Among patients with EC, 13,331 (80.0%) and 3,333 (20.0%) were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, respectively. The incidences of patients with EC with adenocarcinoma were 0.6 from 2010-2018 and 0.4 from 2000 to 2009. The majority of patients were diagnosed with stage III EC, which was associated with a 5-year survival rate that increased from approximately 15% (2000-2009) and plateaued at approximately 25% (2012-2018). Conclusions: We conclude that preventing the progression of EC to stage III is required to improve the prognosis of patients with EC who reside in Uzbekistan.

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Introduction. We studied the regional epidemiological and genetic characteristics of the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among the population of Uzbekistan. The work is based on the totality of the results of clinical, biochemical, immunological, genetic and instrumental research methods. Materials and Methods. It was established that Uzbekistan belongs to the regions with a high degree of H. pylori infection of the population (80%). 84% of the population of Uzbekistan have a mixed IceA1- / IceA2-genotype CagA. In peptic ulcer disease, the pathogenic strain CagA + VacA s1, VacA m2 and IceA 1,2 prevails, in chronic gastritis (type B) associated with H. pylori, the strain Cag + VacA s1, VacA m2 and IceA 1. Results and Discussion. The level of resistance of H. pylori strains to clarithromycin reaches 13.3%. Prolongation of eradication therapy up to 10 days and the addition of BTD to it makes it possible to increase the efficiency of H. pylori eradication up to 95%. Conclusion. Due to the presence of HP resistance to clarithromycin in 13.3% of cases and taking into account the low effectiveness of triadotherapy (72.5%), it is advisable to use quadritherapy with the inclusion of BTD in the standard of treatment, which contributes to an increase in the eradication efficiency up to 95%.

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