Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging viral infection that is rapidly spreading across the globe. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the same coronavirus class that caused respiratory illnesses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). During the SARS and MERS outbreaks, many frontline healthcare workers were infected when performing high-risk aerosol-generating medical procedures as well as when providing basic patient care. Similarly, COVID-19 disease has been reported to infect healthcare workers at a rate of ~ 3% of cases treated in the USA. In this review, we conducted an extensive literature search to develop practical strategies that can be implemented when providing respiratory treatments to COVID-19 patients, with the aim to help prevent nosocomial transmission to the frontline workers.

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Human pulmonary dirofilariasis (HPD) is an uncommon disease in the United States. Dirofilaria is commonly known as “heartworm” based on the false belief that the worm resides in the heart which was based on findings from early necropsy reports. The first case was reported as an incidental autopsy finding in 1941. Since then only 87 more cases have been reported so far. We present an interesting case of this rare zoonotic disease affecting an elderly gentleman who presented with a rapidly growing lung nodule. We present a brief review of literature concerning the diagnosis and management of this disease.

Abstracts of the 12 th Congress of ECCO -European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation S375responded, with significant disparity between clinician estimates of targets achieved in practice and real-world data (p<0.001 for clinical and endoscopic remission) Conclusions: Most patients with UC do not achieve composite clinical and endoscopic remission in real-world practice. Clinicians overestimate their achievements and practice behaviour is a barrier to achieving stipulated targets. Background: The use of biologic agents, particularly anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents, is well established in Crohn's disease (CD). Historically, biologics were reserved for patients at surgical "risk". However, therapeutic goals have continued to evolve since their introduction from clinical to endoscopic remission and, subsequently, histological remission. The aim of this study was to assess changes in medical and surgical therapies for Crohn's disease over the past 25 years with special reference to biologic use and smoking. Methods: Data were extracted from a prospectively maintained university hospital IBD database. We divided our population into 3 groups according to diagnosis date, 1) "Pre-biologic" cohort ( [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014][2015]. The risk of first major surgery decreased over calendar time from cohort 1 to cohort 3 (p<0.001, see Figure 1). The 1-and 5-year cumulative major surgical risk was 24.8% and 44.8% in cohort 1, 21.5% and 39.9% in cohort 2, and 14.3% and 22.1% in cohort 3. The cumulative probability of biologic use increased from cohort 1 to 3, with a 1 and 5-year cumulative risk of biologic use of 1.8% and 6.3% in cohort 1, 4.9% and 10.7% in cohort 2 to and 21.5% and 49.8% in cohort 3 (p<0.001). The 5-year cumulative risk of either first major surgery or biologic use in cohort 1, 2 and 3 was 48.3% and 46.9% and 61.3% (p=0.003). During the study period, smoking at diagnosis decreased from 38% in cohort 1 to 22% in cohort 3 (p<0.001). P578

Abstracts of the 12 th Congress of ECCO -European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation S381up. Among the cohort studies, the pooled proportion of patients that achieved clinical remission was 33% (95% CI 24%-44%) for UC with a moderate risk of heterogeneity (Cochran's Q, p=0.121; I2 =31%) and 53% (95% CI 30%-75%) for CD with a moderate risk of heterogeneity (Cochran's Q, p=0.081; I2 =49%). For the 3 RCTs of FMT in UC, there was borderline benefit in clinical remission (P-OR =2.37, 95% CI =0.91-6.19, p=0.078) with moderate heterogeneity (Cochran's Q, p=0.168; I2 =44%). The controlled trial and cohort data suggest remission in UC is improved with increased number of FMT infusions and administration via the lower gastrointestinal tract. Most adverse events were transient minor gastrointestinal complaints. Microbiota analysis was performed in 16 studies, with many identifying a shift in recipient microbiota profile towards that of the donor post FMT.Conclusions: There is a need for additional well designed controlled studies of FMT in IBD, especially in CD and pouchitis. FMT appears to be effective in the induction treatment of UC, particularly with increasing number of infusions. Long term durability and safety remain unclear.