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Molybdenum is a key microelement in plant vital functioning. The microelement can be absorbed by the plants only in the form of molybdate-anion.  The Molybdenum deficiency affects negatively to the most important agricultural growing.  As molybdenum takes part in such vital mechanisms as nitrogen and sulfur metabolism, plant hormone biosynthesis, and purine banding catabolism. Molybdenum is included in enzyme content which is called molybdoenzyms. Having bonded with molybdopterin it creates molybdenum co-factor (Moco) and gets oxidation-reduction properties. Moco is included in active site of molybdoenzymes. They take part in sulfur and nitrogen metabolism, and detrimental compound detoxication. Molybdenum deficiency is characterized by the slow plant growth, low amount of chlorophyll ascorbic acid capacity.It was noticed that plants suffering from the molybdenum deficiency can be saved, sodium molibdate can be used, it can be put directly in the soil or plant leaves can sprayed with the solution. There are five plant molibdoenzymes which are currently known: sulfite oxidase (SO), xanthine dehydrogenase (XD), nitrate reductase (NR), aldehyde oxidase (AO) and mitochondrial amidoxim-regenerative component. Nitrate reductase catalyzes the first stage of nitrate assimilation, eucariotic organisms contain three isoforms of the molybdoezimes: A NADH, A NAD(P)H и NADPH.  Xanthine dehydrogenase regulates purine metabolism. XD increases plant antioxidant ability and slows down leaves aging. Molybdoenzymess are involved in the process of the stress adaptation, defining of the mechanisms and their reaction to environmental stress conditions is important for plant stress resistance.

The development of viral infections is one of the main reasons for the loss of agricultural crops. At present, biochemical studies of the plant’s immune response mechanisms to the invasion of pathogens are being in progress. The study of molecular interactions between plants and viruses has the significant importance in the development of methodological approaches to increase the productivity of agricultural crops. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms. They are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth. А huge number of viruses are known to affect most plants. Tomato bushy stunt virus is a convenient model for studying the interaction between plants and viruses. The scientific field relates to the molecular biology, biochemistry, virology.

Salicylic acid is a natural signaling molecule that plays a key role in establishing and transmitting plant protection signals from phytopathogens. Salicylic acid, by modulating the expression of protective genes and changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, can regulate oxidative processes associated with plant protective reactions. This review article reviews studies that provide insight into the functioning of salicylic acid in plant immunity

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