Литогенный процесс развивается незаметно. Было предложено несколько маркеров для выявления активации литогенного процесса. В данном обзоре мы проанализировали опубликованные данные о принципах действия этих диагностических тестов и описали 6 групп маркеров литогенной активности: 1) концентрация в моче камнеобразующих и ингибирующих ионов, а также производные от них соотношения, индексы и степени перенасыщения камнеобразующими соединениями; 2) макромолекулы и другие молекулы-маркеры, определяемые в моче; 3) физические свойства мочи; 4) маркеры крови; 5) маркеры, определяемые инструментальными методами; 6) тесты индуцированной кристаллизации мочи. Самыми перспективными и наиболее успешными маркерами литогенной активности являются тесты индуцированной кристаллизации мочи, которые могут применяться для выявления периодов повышенной литогенной активности, что может дать возможность предотвратить камнеобразование за счет своевременного усиления терапии. Наличие доступного и удобного маркера литогенной активности, применяемого регулярно в системе дистанционного мониторинга, позволит реализовать персонализированную программу предотвращения рецидивов мочекаменной болезни.

Introduction. Medical conferences are a key source of new and relevant knowledge for practicing physicians. Physicians use social media to share this knowledge with their colleagues. As a result, there is a lot of discussion on social media about the topics covered in the scientific presentations. This initiative has some educational value, which is being actively explored. The discussions around such posts make ideas, insights, opinions and experiences of peer-colleagues easily available. They also immediately raise awareness of new clinical research and scientific data.Objective. We studied how often Russian physicians use available social networks (vrachirf.ru, doktornarabote.ru. vk.com) to share information from scientific conferences with their colleagues.Materials and мethods. We searched for posts using keywords related to medical conferences and selected among the search results the entries whose authors, as physicians, disclosed selected elements of the content of scientific presentations.Results. We identified 65 entries over the past 4–12 months where physicians shared facts and ideas presented at scientific conferences. Entries posted on professional physicians’ social networks with access restricted to lay public generated vigorous meaningful discussions, unlike posts on the mainstream social network vk.com.Conclusions. Doctors very rarely share on social media the facts and ideas presented at Russian scientific medical conferences. Physicians demonstrate significant interest in these posts and actively discuss them. Further study should reveal the educational potential of the described phenomenon and suggest the pathways to its effective utilization.

Introduction. The article discusses the results of studies and meta-analyses that have studied the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in patients with urinary stone disease (USD). The purpose of this review is to critically analyze the available studies on the association of USD with CHD and stroke, as well as to evaluate USD among other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and to assess the role of USD metaphylaxis in reducing this risk. Materials and methods. The authors conducted a search in international and domestic specialized databases of scientific publications, 657 publications were found. For this review, 75 articles were selected that were published no later than April 1, 2021. Results. Despite conflicting research results and high statistical heterogeneity, all meta-analyses have shown that patients with USD have an increased risk of coronary artery disease, MI, and stroke by about 20-40%. In comparison with other risk factors for CVD, USD represents a moderate risk, which dictates not only the need to identify and correct «high» risk factors in patients with USD, but also the need for effective metaphylaxis. There are no studies to support the efficacy of USD metaphylaxis in reducing the risk of CVD. However, it can be assumed that effective metaphylaxis, especially in young patients, using remote technologies, will not only reduce the risk of urolithiasis recurrence, but also help correct metabolic disorders that trigger pathophysiological processes common with CVD. The possibility that simple and inexpensive interventions that reduce the risk of recurrent urolithiasis may also reduce the risk of MI and stroke, the most common cause of death and disability, warrants further study. Conclusions. To increase the effectiveness of USD metaphylaxis, it is possible to use remote monitoring with automatic data processing and regular feedback.

BACKGROUND: Physicians who attend international conferences cover their content on social media. Such posts generate an active response and discussion in the comments involving other physicians. Attending all conferences when they are held simultaneously is impossible; therefore, brief communications that capture the essence of a missed presentation are in demand, generate an immediate response, and quickly raise awareness of new clinical research and scientific data. This phenomenon was not studied in Russia. However, the posts were analyzed and the activity and interest among Russian physicians were evident. AIM: To investigate how frequently Russian physicians use available social networks to share information from scientific conferences with their colleagues. METHODS: The search for posts for the last 412 months in Russian social networks such as VKontakte (vk.com), VrachiRF (vrachirf.ru), and Doctor na rabote (doktornarabote.ru) by report, conference, congress, symposium, and medical conference keywords was conducted. The selected recordings were classified into 6 categories (conference announcements; reports of past conferences without disclosing the content; professional journalistic reports, disclosing the content; reports from physicians, disclosing the content; videos of reports with disclosure; videos of reports without disclosure) and counted (1373 posts in total). However, the category Reports from physicians revealing the content of some selected parts of the report and facts and ideas presented in the report was given special attention due to useful information from the conferences and a reason to discuss in the comments. In addition, relevant studies by authors from other countries were analyzed and compared with our results. RESULTS: A total of 1,373 posts (searched by keywords), of which 65 were in the category Reports from physicians revealing the content of some selected parts of the report and facts and ideas presented in the report was reviewed. The number of such posts is limited; however, this information is of interest to physicians (high number of views and dozens of comments). By comparison, the number of such messages in other countries may reach into the hundreds at a single conference alone. Based on foreign experience, the discussion of the reports on social networks helps both to spread new knowledge and facilitate joint learning and interaction among physicians, which contributes to the generation of useful material that passed peer review. Possible reasons for the low number of such posts on Russian social networks are as follows: mostly messages and discussions take place on professional social networks (VrachiRF and Doctor na rabote), foreign organizers actively encourage participants to use social networks with conference hashtags, and the multimillion-speaking English-speaking audience encourages authors to write more posts with their feedback. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians quite rarely share facts presented at Russian scientific medical conferences on Russian social networks. However, users of social networks show considerable interest and actively discuss such posts. The study of this phenomenon will enable the assessment and effective use of its educational potential.