The pattern of AKI in this study is similar to that from other developing countries. In-hospital mortality remains high although most of the causes are preventable.

Long periods of historical hydrological data such as rainfall and streamflow which are necessary for planning and design of water resources projects, are often not available and have to be forecasted. Many models available for this were developed and tested in developed countries in temperate climates and so their application in tropical climates is questionable. A twelve-period Markov model has been developed for the monthly rainfall data for Lagos, along the coast of South Western Nigeria. The goodness of fit of the model was assessed by estimating the autocorrelations of the residuals of the historical data (from January 1924 to December 1983) for lags one to sixty. A 95% confidence band was also established for the autocorrelations. The results show that all but two of the autocorrelations fall within the 95% confidence band confirming that the residuals are indeed white noise. This indicates that the model is very adequate.

Nigeria is currently facing various environmental challenges such as water scarcity and water quality; which is one of the largest environmental problems. However, the available supply of renewable water is short of the demand in Nigeria. Researchers have studied many alternative to better solve the emerging water supply problem. This study considers rainwater harvesting as an alternative source of water to ameliorate the possible scarcity. To better understand common practises in the rain water harvesting community and motivation for collecting harvested rainwater a socio-demographic survey was conducted in four communities in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Ogun State Nigeria to determine the rate of water consumption and supply from current water sources. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered to various household and the data collected through the survey were analysed using SPSS and selected statistical methods. Rainfall data for Ota was obtained and it was to calculate the cumulative runoff in a year was determined for roof sizes are ≤ 75m2. This study demonstrated among other things that rainwater harvesting has the potential of contributing significantly to solving the problems of water shortage suffered not only by the rural-poor communities but also in the urban areas where conventional modes of water supply have failed to provide the desired level of service.

No abstract