Hypertension is a significant public health problem with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Hypertension is a robust risk factor for Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH). LVH is a compensatory adaptive response of myocardium against increased afterload to reduce wail stress and maintain pump function and is commonly seen in hypertensive patients. LVH is independently associated with an enhanced risk for myocardial infarction. The study's objective was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of electrocardiography to determine LVH in patients with hypertension by taking Echo as the gold standard. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Cardiology Department, Rehmatul-Lil-Alameen Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, from July 25, 2019, to December 26, 2019. 236 hypertensive patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the cardiology department. All patients were then undergoing ECG and Echo. Echo was performed by cardiologists who were also blind to the study group to which these ECHO belong. Outcome variables include the number of hypertensive patients having LVH on Echo and ECG. The mean age of patients was 58.24±14.29 years. There were 159(67.4%) males and 77(32.6%) females. The mean BMI of the patients was 25.12±1.94. The mean duration of hypertension was 15.14±6.76years. Sensitivity and specificity of ECG were 79.19% and 80.95%, respectively, and PPV & NPV was 91.95% and 58.62%, respectively; overall diagnostic accuracy was 79.66%. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the ECG has a high specificity, PPV, and diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension by taking Echo as the gold standard.

Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina pectoris are frequent causes of hospital admission in the elderly. However, clinical trials targeting this population are scarce, making these patients less likely to receive treatment according to guidelines. This study was designed to compare the outcome of invasive versus a medical strategy of patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction with intermediate Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score. This study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Rehmatul lil Alameen Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, from 21-5-2019 to 21-11-2019. A total of 220 (110 patients in each group) patients fulfilling inclusion criteria from emergencies were recruited. Then patients were randomly divided into two groups by using the lottery method. In group A, patients were managed through an invasive strategy. In group B, patients underwent medication only. Patients in the invasive strategy underwent percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft patients in the medical strategy group were given standard medical management per hospital protocol. Then patients were followed up there for 3 days. After 3 days, patients were discharged and were followed up in OPD for 30 days. It was noted if the patient presented again in an emergency with recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) or if death occurred within 30 days. This study compared an invasive and medical strategy in NSTEMI patients regarding recurrent MI and mortality within 30 days. According to the findings of this study, no significant difference was seen in recurrent MI (Group-A: 13.6% & Group-B: 12.7%, p-value=0.84) in both groups, but mortality (Group-A: 10.9% & Group-B: 3.6%, p-value=0.037) was significantly higher in patients who underwent invasive strategy. Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that NSTEMI patients treated with conservative treatment had a low mortality rate and fewer chances of recurrent MI.