Background Depression is defined as a psychiatric disorder characterized by depressed mood, lack of concentration, diminished energy, disturbed sleep, and low self-esteem. Depression is more prevalent in HIV/AIDS patients than the general population. There is no published study available that reveals the present status of depression among HIV patients in Pakistan. As such, the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated factors of depression among HIV/AIDS patients attending the HIV clinic of Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. Methods A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out from February to March 2019 in Lahore. Data were collected from 158 HIV/AIDS patients using a pretested, standardized, structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Nonprobability convenience sampling was used to recruit the study participants. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze the data. Binary logistic regression models were used to determine the various factors associated with depression. AORs with 95% CIs were used to assess the magnitude of associations between depression and associated factors. Results The mean age of the study participants was 35.03 years±9.123. Prevalence of depression among HIV/AIDS patients was 32.2%. Living in a rural area (AOR 5.60, 95% CI 2.20, 14.15), fear of stigma and discrimination (AOR 3.505, 95% CI 1.364, 9.008), having worked abroad (AOR 3.017, 95% CI 1.134, 8.031), and history of substance abuse (AOR 4.147, 95% CI 1.673, 10.28) were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion The prevalence of depression among HIV/AIDS patients is very high in Pakistan. Therefore, it is suggested that guidelines formulated to screen and treat depression among HIV patients.

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Objective: To assess burnout in medical educators and to identify factors associated with it. Methods: A sequential mixed methods research study was conducted over eight months from July 2018 until February 2019. Participants included medical educators, who are studying for or graduated with a postgraduate qualification in medical education. An online questionnaire was developed using Maslach Burnout Inventory to collect quantitative data. The findings were explored in-depth qualitatively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated for the quantitative data using SPSS 20. For qualitative data, we performed thematic analysis. Results: Of total 160 medical educationists, 101 responded giving 63.1% response rate. Mean age was 41.4 years and majority 53.5% were females. Overall aggregate mean burnout level was 12.34 ± 7.36 whereas sub-domains of Maslach burnout inventory( MBI) like i) emotional exhaustion, ii) depersonalization and iii) personal accomplishment were found out to be 19.59, 10.42 and 11.21 respectively. Most respondents had moderate 71 (70.3%) emotional exhaustion and 8 (8.9%) had severe emotional exhaustion. Average level of depersonalization was suffered by 73 (72.3%) respondents and severe level was observed in 20 (19.8%) respondents. Personal accomplishment was found low in all 101 (100.0%) respondents. Selective in-depth interviews revealed that coping mechanisms like social gatherings, indoor and outdoor game facilities and outings and leisure time should be strategized for faculties. Conclusion: In this study medical educators were found to have quite high level of burnout. The early career medical educators feels emotionally exhausted, with low sense of personal accomplishment. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3078 How to cite this:Akram Z, Sethi A, Khan AM, Zaidi FZ. Assessment of burnout and associated factors among medical educators. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.3.3078 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Introduction: Patient safety is a vital part of healthcare. It is vital for the medical students that the concepts of the “Do no harm” theory must be understood. Those that do not understand this ultimately perform poorly in healthcare practice. Therefore, it is very important that medical students must be tutored for the concept of good medical practice.Objective: To assess the patient safety perception among medical students in a public sector Medical College.Methods: A sample size of 179 medical students (n=179) from the final year were selected. A questionnaire tool was used to calculate the understanding of medical students. Participants' responses were recorded and computed into SPSS 19 for descriptive analysis.Results: About 55% of participants indicated a lack of knowledge regarding patient safety.25% of the medical students could not understand the type and nature of the iatrogenic error in providing good healthcare and exercising good medical practice. Also, 57% and 48 % of medical students were unable to understand that how to explain the iatrogenic error to patients, their attendants,s and their superiors respectively and 59% did not know that patient safety can be improved by targeted medical practice.Conclusion: The majority of the medical students in final year MBBS were unaware of patient safety and how to improve it. However, they showed keen interest in understanding it and applying the concept of good medical practice to ensure patient safety. KEYWORDS: Patient safety, undergraduates, knowledge, attitude