A field experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-2022 to study the heat unit indices viz; accumulated growing degree days (GDD), helio-thermal unit (HTU), photo-thermal unit (PTU), phenothermal index, helio-thermal use efficiency (HTUE), photothermal use efficiency (PTUE) and heat use efficiencies (HUE) at different phenological stages of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties (Lok 1 and MP 3336) grown under different thermal environments (3rd December, 18th December and 2nd January) and irrigation schedules (IW: CPE= 1.0, IW: CPE= 0.9, IW: CPE= 0.8 and IW: CPE= 0.7). Results of present study reveals that the crop sown on thermal environment of 3rd December took maximum duration (113), GDD (1595.7°C days), HTU (11,146.3°C days hours), PTU (16,628.6°C days hours), HUE (2.97 kg ha-1°C-1 day), HTUE (0.43 kg ha-1°C-1 day), and PTUE (0.28 kg ha-1°C-1 day). Among irrigation schedule I1 (IW: CPE= 1.0) attained maximum crop duration (103 days), GDD (1513.8°C days), HTU (10,550.0°C days hours), PTU (15,461.3°C days hours), HUE (2.96 kg ha-1°C-1 day), HTUE (0.43 kg ha-1°C-1 day) and PTUE (0.29 kg ha-1°C-1 day). As regards varieties, MP 3336 took maximum duration (104), GDD (1548.1°C days), HTU (10818.9°C days hours), PTU (15863.5°C days hours), HUE (2.84 kg ha-1°C-1 day), HTUE (0.41 kg ha-1°C-1 day) and PTUE (0.28 kg ha-1°C-1 day). The heat unit indices decrease during vegetative stages but increases during reproductive phase. The crop duration, heat indices (GDD, HTU, PTU and PTI), HUE, HTUE, PTUE and grain yield was higher under thermal environment of 3rd December sown crop with irrigation schedule I1 (IW: CPE= 1.0) and wheat variety MP 3336.

A fertilizer experiment was conducted on wheat (GW 366) during Rabi session 2020-21 and 2021-22 under all India Coordinative Research Project on Long Term Fertilizer Experiment at College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, to study the effect of long-term application of fertilizers and manure on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat. Eight treatments comprised of T1 (50% NPK), T2 (100% NPK), T3 (150% NPK), T4 (100% NP), T5 (100% N), T6 (100% NPK + FYM), T7 (100% NPK - S) and T8 (Control) were replicated four times in a randomized block design. The application of 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK successively and significantly increased plant height, number of tillers plant-1, number of effective tillers plant-1, number of grains spike-1 and grain yield. While the test weight and straw yield at 150% NPK was found significantly superior to 50% NPK but it was found at par with 100% NPK in both the cases. The application of 100% NPK was found significant over 100% NPK - S for grain yield. The application of 100% NPK + FYM significantly increased the plant height, number of tillers plant-1, number of effective tillers plant-1, number of grains spike-1, test weight, grain and straw yield over 100% NPK, 100% NPK - S, 100% NP and 100% N, but it was found at par with 150% NPK for all the growth and yield attributes. Growth and yield attributes were found significantly and positively correlated with grain and straw yield of wheat.

A field experiment was conducted at Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India during the rabi season of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, to study the Influence of thermal regimes and irrigation schedules on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three thermal regimes (3rd December, 18th December and 2nd January), four irrigation schedules (IW: CPE=1.0, IW: CPE= 0.9, IW: CPE= 0.8 and IW: CPE=0.7) and two varieties (Lok 1 and MP 3336) with three replications. Sowing time with proper application of irrigation and varieties significantly influenced yield attributes and ultimately yield of the wheat. Higher grain yield (4,735 kg ha-1) was observed under crop sown on 3rd December thermal regimes with IW: CPE=1.0, irrigation schedule and variety MP 3336 over rest of the treatments. It may be due to the maximum number of effective tillers (484.2 m-2), length of earhead (8.70 cm), no. of grains earhead-1 (45.5) and harvest index (41.91%) as compare to other treatment combinations. Significant lowest grain yield was noted under 2nd January thermal regimes with IW: CPE= 0.7, irrigation schedule and variety Lok 1. Wheat sown under 3rd December thermal regime with irrigation schedule (IW: CPE= 1.0) and variety MP 3336 produced significantly more yield attributes and yield.

A field experiment was conducted under on-going Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment during 2020 and 2021 at the Research farm, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, to study the influence of long-term application of fertilizers and manure on growth, yield attributes and yield of soybean. There were eight treatments comprised of T1 (50% NPK), T2 (100% NPK), T3 (150% NPK), T4 (100% NP), T5 (100% N), T6 (100% NPK + FYM), T7 (100% NPK - S) and T8 (control). The treatments were replicated four times in a randomized block design. The soybean (RVS 2001-4) was grown with recommended dose of 20:80:20 (100% N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) in kharif season. The application of 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK significantly increased the plant height, pod length, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight (100 seeds), seed and stover yield of soybean over control. While the plant height and pod length at 150% NPK were found significantly superior to 50% NPK. However, the number of pods plant-1, test weight (100 seeds), seed and stover yield of soybean successively and significantly increased with 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK. While the number of seeds pod-1 significantly increased with 100% NPK and 150% NPK over 50% NPK but the two treatments were found at par. The application of 100% NPK + FYM significantly increased the plant height, pod length, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, test weight (100 seeds), seed and stover yield of soybean over 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 100% NP and 100% N. However, the application of 100% NPK + FYM was found significantly superior to 150% NPK for plant height and number of seeds pod-1. The growth and yield attributes were found significantly and positively correlated with seed and stover yield.