In Agriculture, leaf diseases have grown to be a dilemma as it can cause significant diminution in both quality and quantity of agricultural yields. Thus, automated recognition of diseases on leaves plays a crucial role in agriculture sector. This paper imparts a simple and computationally proficient method used for leaf disease identification and grading using digital image processing and machine vision technology.The proposed system is divided into two phases, in first phase the plant is recognized on the basis of the features of leaf, it includes pre-processing of leaf images, and feature extraction followed by Artificial Neural Network based training and classification for recognition of leaf. In second phase the disease present in the leaf is classified, this process includes K-Means based segmentation of defected area, feature extraction of defected portion and the ANN based classification of disease. Then the disease grading is done on the basis of the amount of disease present in the leaf.

Autonomous vehicles or self-driving cars emerged with a promise to deliver a driving experience that is safe, secure, law-abiding, alleviates traffic congestion and reduces traffic accidents. These self-driving cars predominantly rely on wireless technology, vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) networks, Road Side Units (RSUs), Millimeter Wave radars, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), sensors and cameras, etc. Since these vehicles are so dexterous and equipped with such advanced driver assistance technological features, their dexterity invites threats, vulnerabilities and hacking attacks. This paper aims to understand and study the technology behind these self-driving cars and explore, identify and address popular threats, vulnerabilities and hacking attacks to which these cars are prone. This paper also establishes a relationship between these threats, trust and reliability. An analysis of the alert systems in self-driving cars is also presented.

Software Engineering principles have connections with design science, including cybersecurity concerns pertaining to vulnerabilities, trust and reputation. The work of this paper surveys, identifies, establishes and explores these connections. Identification and addressing of security issues and concerns during the early phases of software development life cycle, especially during the requirements analysis and design phases; and importance of inclusion of security requirements have also been illustrated. In addition to that, effective and efficient strategies and techniques to prevent, mitigate and remediate security vulnerabilities by the application of the principles of trust modelling and design science research methodology have also been presented.

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There are myriad ways in which people benefit from systems in cyberspace that support such things as positive social interactions, electronic commerce, and automated decision making. However, harm to people and organizations can also occur, through losing privacy, fostering crime and fraud, spreading misinformation, and challenging or violating many ethical standards. Broadly characterized, systems functioning in cyberspace involve people, data, devices, computational resources, controls, and communication infrastructure. As a concept, trust refers to the state of belief in the competence of an entity to act dependably, reliably and securely within a specific situation or context. Trust is a social construct. An acceptable level of trust is essential to meaningful or satisfactory engagement and interaction among people, and, by extension, among any and all cyberspace systems. Building on the ability for entities to monitor data and drive models within contexts of how people engage when interacting with systems, we describe approaches to elevating beneficence and reducing harm and in cyberspace. We include ways in which trust is characterized and measured, relate trust and predictive analytics, and describe the potential for recent technologies like blockchains and cloud systems to help to develop a more beneficent cyberspace.