Orbital trauma is a commonly encountered entity in clinical practice, especially in cases of head trauma. Although fractures of the orbit are rare, they can present in an emergency setting owing to associated complications such as orbital encephaloceles. We present a case of a paediatric male patient who presented with post-traumatic proptosis and diminution of vision and was diagnosed with orbital encephalocele. The child's vision recovered completely and proptosis of the eye decreased, compared with the time of presentation. Despite persistent counselling, the patient and his parents did not give consent for surgical correction and he was discharged as leaving against medical advice. Post-traumatic orbital encephaloceles are caused as a result of blunt cranial trauma. Early treatment and diagnosis is extremely important in the optimum management and good long-term prognosis of the patient.

Cephalopagus is the rarest type of conjoined twins. Early antenatal diagnosis is important in view of extremely poor prognosis as surgical separation is not possible in such cases. Fetal MRI is an excellent complementary tool to prenatal sonography in assessment of complex fetal anomalies.

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTN) are proliferative degenerative disorders of placental elements and include complete or partial mole (90%), invasivemole (5-8%), choriocarcinoma (1-2%) and placental site tumor (1-2%). Chorioadenoma destruens is a trophoblastic tumor, characterized by myometrial invasion through direct extension or via venous channels. We present a case of invasive mole eroding uterus and uterine vasculature, causing sudden rupture of uterus with massive haemoperitoneum mimicking ectopic pregnancy. A 20 year old G1P0 at 6 weeks gestation presented in Casualty of Kasturba Hospital complaining of severe acute onset lower abdominal pain for one hour. Clinical examination revealed shock. Sonography suggested ectopic pregnancy and immediate exploratory laparotomy was decided. On laparotomy, 2000cc of haemoperitoneum was noted. Grape like vesicles protruding through fundal perforation with profuse active bleeding was seen. Bleeding persisted despite evacuation.Step wise uterine devascularisation failed to achieve haemostasis. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed as a life saving measure.

Heterotopic pregnancy is diagnosed as coexistent presence of fetuses at two or more implantation sites. Its incidence is very rare with presence of live intrauterine twins being even rarer. Diagnosis in such cases is difficult with ultrasound being the investigation of choice. Management is primarily surgical. It is a clinical entity which is becoming even more common with widespread use of assisted reproductive techniques. A 20-year-old primigravida with 10 weeks of gestation presented with sudden onset pain on right side of abdomen. She had history of treatment for infertility for 1 year. Ultrasound revealed live intrauterine twin pregnancy with a heterogeneous lesion in right adnexal region and peritoneal free fluid. In concordance with clinical findings a diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy with ruptured ectopic was made. Patient was managed through emergency laparotomy without disturbing the intrauterine twin gestation. Higher incidence of heterotopic pregnancy has been observed in patients undergoing assisted reproductive techniques and therefore warrant regular and detailed examination and follow up to avoid complications like ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is an uncommon congenital/pediatric disorder diagnosed only with the help of imaging. Clinical features associated with it are hemiparesis, seizures, facial asymmetry, and mental retardation. We here present a case of DDMS diagnosed antenatally at 29 weeks gestational age during routine antenatal ultrasound examination. The patient was further evaluated and followed using both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging during antenatal and postnatal periods. The infant had unilateral hemiatrophy with the absence of anterior and middle cerebral arteries. We hereby also want to coin the term "shifted falx sign" as a diagnostic indicator for DDMS for the first time. To our knowledge, this is the earliest antenatally sonologically diagnosed case of the said pathology.