Background: Consumers' health would be at risk unless food preparation and handling hygiene is ensured by food establishments. Literature indicates that poor food handling and sanitation practices are more common among food handlers in developing countries resulting in food-borne illness. Hence, food handlers can play a significant role in ensuring food hygiene. To this end, the paper aims to assess the level of food hygiene practices and its associated factors of food handlers working in food establishments in Bole sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods: Through across-sectional study design, a total of 394 food handlers selected randomly from food establishments have participated in the study. The data were collected between July and December 2017, through interview and observation. Percentage, cross tabulations, and logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings show that among 394 study subjects only 27.4% (i.e., 108 food handlers), were found to have good food hygiene practices. In other words, majority of food handlers observed were poor in maintaining food hygiene. Food hygiene practices were highly influenced by level score of favorable attitude (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.93, 7.87), extensive knowledge towards food hygiene (AOR= 3.33, 95% CI= 1.93, 5.76) and availability of water storage equipment at food establishments (AOR= 2.67, 95% CI= 1.38, 5.15). Conclusion: Food handlers had poor food hygiene practices in the study area. Shortages of a continuous water supply at food establishments, poor knowledge, and unfavorable attitude of food handlers towards food hygiene practice were all contributing factors associated with poor food hygiene practice. However, these can be improved through health education programs and environmental health services, such as periodic inspections, effective enforcement of food safety regulations, and enhancing the capacity of food hygiene regulators.

The purpose of this study is to assess current dominant and future desired organizational culture at Ethio-telecom Jimma region offices as perceived by employees using competing value framework. The objective is to identify and understand cultural changes needed to manage organizational change Ethio-telecom embarks on effectively. Through a survey research design, a sample of 100 employees who were randomly selected took part in the study. Organizational change assessment instrument (OCAI), standard questionnaire developed by Cameron and Quinn’s (2006) used to collect data from respondents. Four types of culture clan, adhocracy, hierarchy, and market assessed from six attributes of culture or dimensions: dominant characteristics, organizational leadership, and management of employees, organizational glue, strategic emphasis, and criteria of success. Standard mean score (Z score), t-test and analysis of variance employed to address the research questions. The results show that clan culture is the dominant typology at the moment while market oriented culture is found as future desired organizational culture. Moreover, the findings revealed statistically no significant variation among employees in their perception of current dominant culture and choice of future desired culture.