Background:Chlamydial trachomatis infection is the most common cause of tubal infertility among women world-wide. Serological diagnosis of Chlamydial infection that may suggest previous, persistent or on-going infection is now incorporated into routine pre-treatment evaluation of infertile women including assisted conception.Aim:The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and predictors of asymptomatic Chlamydial infection screening among infertile women and also to compare the screening outcome with findings on hysterosalpingogram (HSG).Subjects and Methods:This was an observational study conducted among 132 infertile women that were attending Adeoyo Maternity Hospital Ibadan. A total volume of 2-3 ml of venous blood was collected for Chlamydia serology using ImmunoComb Bivalent immunoglobulin G kit (Code 50416002) and the results were compared with their HSG. Other information collected was socio-demographics and clinical parameters. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate tests were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 15.0 (Chicago, IL USA) and statistical significance was set at (P < 0.05).Results:A total of 130 women were studied with a mean age of 31.6 years (standard deviation = 4.7). Majority - 72.0% (95/132) - had been infertile for 5 years or less. The prevalence of Chlamydial trachomatis was 20.5% (27/132). Bivariate analysis between the biosocial variables and serology result showed a significant association with education (P < 0.01) and religion (P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that Muslim women were 3.6 times more likely than Christians to have positive Chlamydial serology result (95% confidence interval odds ratio = 1.18-11.11). Of those with HSG result (64), the accuracy of the test kit showed low sensitivity - 44.2% (19/43) and negative predictive value 40.0% (16/40) (but, high specificity - 76.2%(16/21), and positive predictive value - 79.2% (19/24).Conclusion:Asymptomatic Chlamydial infection is common among infertile women and it positively predict HSG blockage. The serological test may prove invaluable in predicting the presence of tubal blockage; therefore, prophylactic antibiotics may be justified to be included in their care.

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Background: Endometriosis is a chronic debilitating condition which affects 6-10% of women mostly in at the peak of their reproductive age group. One of the manifestations of this incurable condition is infertility. Up to half of the women with endometriosis will be infertile. One of the means of treating endometriosis related infertility is by using assisted reproductive technology.

Introduction: Men without sperm (azoospermic) make up about 15% of all infertile men in reproductive age of fatherhood. Male infertility is a health and social problem in many communities. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study was carried from 2010 to 2015. Initially, 907 men were included in the study among whom 109 (12.02%), 346 (38.15%) and 452 (49.83%) were azoospermic, oligospermic and normospermic, respectively. This study only investigated the association between age, BMI, semen volume, liquefaction time and pus cells among normospermic and azoospermic men. Standard semen analysis was performed and subjects were categorized by age into <30, 30 -39.9, 40 -49.9, 50 -59.9 and ≥60 years and by body mass index into normal (18.5 -24.9), overweight (25.0 -29.9) and obese (≥30). Results: The 562 subjects of the study had means (±sd) age of 42.6 (±7.10) years and BMI of 27.0 (4.1) kg/m 2 respectively. In all, 109 (19.4%) were azoospermic. Overweight and obese men were, respectively, more than 1½ and about 2½ times more likely to be azoospermic compared to normal weight men. Azoospermic men were significantly heavier than men with normal sperm count (t = −0.34; P-value = 0.003). Among those with normal weight, liquefaction time was significantly shorter (t = 5.49, P-value = 0.000001) in azoospermic (28.70 min.) than in men with normal sperm count (31.82 min.). Obese azoospermic men were about 4 times as likely to have high pus cells in semen than normal weight azoospermic men (OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 0.39, 37.01). Multivariate regression analysis shows a strong but negative coefficient correlation between sperm concentration and BMI (coef. = −0.48, Std Err. = 0.25, P-value = 0.05, 95% CI: −0.96, 0.10). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high BMI is associated with azoospermia. Azoospermia also did not seem to negatively impact liquefaction time.