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Introduction: Men without sperm (azoospermic) make up about 15% of all infertile men in reproductive age of fatherhood. Male infertility is a health and social problem in many communities. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study was carried from 2010 to 2015. Initially, 907 men were included in the study among whom 109 (12.02%), 346 (38.15%) and 452 (49.83%) were azoospermic, oligospermic and normospermic, respectively. This study only investigated the association between age, BMI, semen volume, liquefaction time and pus cells among normospermic and azoospermic men. Standard semen analysis was performed and subjects were categorized by age into <30, 30 -39.9, 40 -49.9, 50 -59.9 and ≥60 years and by body mass index into normal (18.5 -24.9), overweight (25.0 -29.9) and obese (≥30). Results: The 562 subjects of the study had means (±sd) age of 42.6 (±7.10) years and BMI of 27.0 (4.1) kg/m 2 respectively. In all, 109 (19.4%) were azoospermic. Overweight and obese men were, respectively, more than 1½ and about 2½ times more likely to be azoospermic compared to normal weight men. Azoospermic men were significantly heavier than men with normal sperm count (t = −0.34; P-value = 0.003). Among those with normal weight, liquefaction time was significantly shorter (t = 5.49, P-value = 0.000001) in azoospermic (28.70 min.) than in men with normal sperm count (31.82 min.). Obese azoospermic men were about 4 times as likely to have high pus cells in semen than normal weight azoospermic men (OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 0.39, 37.01). Multivariate regression analysis shows a strong but negative coefficient correlation between sperm concentration and BMI (coef. = −0.48, Std Err. = 0.25, P-value = 0.05, 95% CI: −0.96, 0.10). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that high BMI is associated with azoospermia. Azoospermia also did not seem to negatively impact liquefaction time.

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic debilitating condition which affects 6-10% of women mostly in at the peak of their reproductive age group. One of the manifestations of this incurable condition is infertility. Up to half of the women with endometriosis will be infertile. One of the means of treating endometriosis related infertility is by using assisted reproductive technology.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE population though among women who present with pain, infertility or both pain and infertility, the frequency of endometriosis ranges from 35%-50% (3). Earlier observations were that roughly 25% to 50% of infertile women have endometriosis, that 30% to 50% of women with endometriosis are infertile (4) and that young women are more prone to endometriosis, though its incidence may not be linked to ethnicity or social grouping (5). The frequencies of the more common symptoms remain as dysmenorrhea (60%-80%), chronic pelvic pain (40%-50%), deep dyspareunia (40%-50%), infertility (30%-50%), severe menstrual pain and irregular flow and/or premenstrual spotting (10%-20%), tenesmus (1%-2%), although 2%-25% of patients are asymptomatic (5). Sufferers of endometriosis usually present with symptoms such as pain and a heavy feeling in the lumbo-sacral column and/or legs. Nausea, lethargy, chronic fatigue, any cyclical pain affecting other organs, hemoptysis, scapular or thoracic pain and acute abdomen are also suggestive of endometriosis (5, 6). These symptoms often do not correlate with its laparoscopic appearance (6). The severity of endometriosis symptoms and the probability of its diagnosis increase with age (7, 8) though the exact

Background: Among the most prominent causes of death in African women, cervical cancer takes top priority. This study examines the perception of Papanicolau smear, document its utilization and assess its sources of information among female nurses in a tertiary health institution in Southwest Nigeria.